Table 5.

Summary of phototherapies reviewed in this article.

Therapy	Material	Observed Properties and Effects	Ref
PDT, PTT and chemotherapy	Poly(lactic-co-glycolic)/chitosan NPs loaded with carboplatin and indocyanine green	Biodegradable and biocompatible NPs for multimodal cancer therapy	[275]
PDT and PTT	NH2-terminated diethylene glycol ligands tethered to cis-silicon phthalocyanine forming nanospheres	Multimodal therapy and phototheranostic agent, tumor-sensitive system due to pH-dependent response	[276]
Oxygen self-supplemented PDT	Ultrasonic dispersion of perfluorooctyl bromide liquid into porphyrin grafted lipid nanoparticles	Oxygen replenish into hypoxic tumors, can act as phototheranostic agent, inhibits tumor growth and metastasis	[277]
PTT	Hydrogel based on HA and gallic acid coordinated with ferric ions	Tumor ablation in vivo both in injectable and skin adherable forms	[286]
PTT	Croconaine dye and RGD engineered radiolabeled PEG self-assembled into NPs	Multimodal nanotheranostic assembly, tumor ablation and inhibition of tumor relapse	[287]
PTT and cell therapy	CAR T cells administered along with indocyanine green-loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) NPs	Combination therapy presents superior antitumor activity	[288]
PTT	Red blood cell membrane-camouflaged melanin nanoparticles	Enhanced blood retention and tumor accumulation. Higher PTT efficacy than bare melanin NPs	[292]
PTT	Dual peptide decorated melanin-like NPs	Tumor-targeting and autophagy-promotion synergistically enhances tumor regression	[293]
PTT	Prussian blue and modified chitosan hydrogel	Bacteria capture and kill	[294]
PTT and immunotherapy	Melanin-releasing bacteria loaded into red blood cells membrane	Recruitment and anti-tumor polarization of macrophages along with PTT inhibit tumor growth	[283]
PTT and anti-angiogenic therapy	Polydopamine crosslinked collagen/silk fibroin composites loaded with thrombin	Thrombin blocking blood vessels and PTT prevention of angiogenesis synergistically inhibits tumor relapse	[304]
Anti-angiogenic therapy	Hydrogel containing nitric oxide precursors and 2D tungsten oxide nanosheets	Tumor growth and recurrence inhibition	[305]