Figure 5.
(a) High local alkalinity created by the Lewis acid (Cr2O3) for seawater electrolysis. [86] (b) Dissolution of W sites and adsorption of H2O and OH− for stable acidic oxygen evolution. [88] (c) Dynamic structural reconstruction, valence reduction, and S−O exchange of NiS. [89] (d) Reversible dynamic evolution between CuN4/Cu3 and CuN4/Cu4. [61] (e) Reversible transformation between BiOCl and Bi, and the pulse activation for CO2RR. [90] (f) Dynamic exchange of Fe species in the nanohole of β‐CoOOH. [93] (g) Cavity nanoelectrode to capture Au25 for single‐NP collision electrochemistry study. [98] (h) Transient adsorption spectroscopy for chemical valence state characterizations. [99] (i) Electrosynthesis powered by AC electrical signals. [100]