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Illustration of the different methods for smoothing the gradient of the target density when analyzing telemetry within the Langevin model. The dashed lines link successive observations (open circles), shown for scale. The solid disks show the locations at which the gradient is evaluated when calculating the Langevin drift term for a step starting at the central (or only) such point; the areas of the disks are proportional to the weights used in calculating the average gradient.
