Table 1.

Mixed-effects logistic regression of biomarkers associated with severe COVID-19 (WHO ordinal COVID-19 score 5–7).

Biomarker	OR (95%CI)	p-value	Q-value
CD63+ (%)	1.59 (0.91–2.78)	0.10	0.77
CRP (mg/L)	1.03 (0.97–1.10)	0.28	0.95
Eotaxin (pg/ml)	0.72 (0.33–1.57)	0.40	0.95
GM-CSF (pg/ml)	NA	NA	NA
IFN-alpha (pg/ml)	0.98 (0.86–1.13)	0.82	0.95
IFN-gamma (pg/ml)	NA	NA	NA
IL-1 beta (pg/ml)	NA	NA	NA
IL-10 (pg/ml)	NA	NA	NA
IL-12/IL-23 (pg/ml)	1.05 (1.00–1.09)	0.072	0.77
IL-13 (pg/ml)	1.17 (0.70–1.93)	0.55	0.95
IL-15 (pg/ml)	0.97 (0.88–1.08)	0.58	0.95
IL-17A (pg/ml)	0.80 (0.49–1.31)	0.37	0.95
IL-1RA (pg/ml)	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	0.83	0.95
IL-2 (pg/ml)	0.99 (0.93–1.06)	0.82	0.95
IL-2R (pg/ml)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.81	0.95
IL-4 (pg/ml)	1.00 (0.97–1.03)	0.94	0.95
IL-5 (pg/ml)	NA	NA	NA
IL-6 (pg/ml)	0.96 (0.90–1.03)	0.28	0.95
IL-7 (pg/ml)	0.89 (0.71–1.11)	0.29	0.95
IL-8 (pg/ml)	1.00 (0.98–1.02)	0.79	0.95
IP-10 (pg/ml)	1.00 (0.86–1.12)	0.95	0.95
MCP-1 (pg/ml)	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	0.54	0.95
MIG (pg/ml)	1.06 (1.00–1.11)	0.043	0.77
MIP-1 alpha (pg/ml)	1.00 (0.94–1.06)	0.87	0.95
MIP-1 beta (pg/ml)	1.00 (0.98–1.02)	0.72	0.95
RANTES (pg/ml)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.93	0.95
TNF-alpha (pg/ml)	NA	NA	NA
Tryptase (ug/mL)*	0.90 (0.67–1.20)	0.47	0.95
IgE (ug/L)*	1.00 (1.00–1.01)	0.14	0.81

*IgE and tryptase were only performed on day 0; therefore, only a conventional logistic regression was performed for these laboratories.

NA: Not applicable. Too few values above the threshold of detection to perform a logistic regression.