Figure 1.

Simplified Animal Welfare Assessment Grid (S-AWAG) structure. This figure illustrates the structure of the S-AWAG, which is composed of two main sections: the ‘Health’ section and the ‘Environmental’ section. The ‘Health’ section provides a comprehensive evaluation of the animals’ physical and psychological well-being, while the ‘Environmental’ section addresses key factors related to the animals’ living conditions. S-AWAG is designed to be easy to use, even by non-experts, providing consistent welfare assessments across zoos of different sizes and conditions. The clear separation between health and environmental factors enables a more comprehensive understanding of animal welfare in different settings.