Table 2. Variables repeatedly measured over the follow-up .
| Variables | Phase 1 | Phase 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 | |
| Pain intensity score (0–100), median (IQR) | ||||||||
| Entire cohort | 13.3 (0.0 to 33.3) n = 478 |
10.0 (0.0 to 30) n = 428 | 10.0 (10.0 to 26.7) n = 377 |
6.7 (0.0 to 23.3) n = 349 | 6.7 (0.0 to 23.3) n = 303 | 6.7 (0.0 to 23.3) n = 267 |
6.7 (0.0 to 20.0) n = 245 |
6.7 (0.0 to 20.0) n = 228 |
| LSRE group | 20.0 (6.7 to 36.7) n = 249 |
13.3 (0.0 to 30) n = 221 | 10.0 (0.0 to 26.7) n = 201 | 6.7 (0.0 to 23.3) n = 189 | 6.7 (0.0 to 30) n = 158 | 6.7 (0.0 to 23.3) n = 141 |
6.7 (0.0 to 20) n = 129 | 8.3 (0.0 to 20) n = 118 |
| NIRE group | 10.0 (0.0 to 30.0) n = 229 |
10.0 (0.0 to 26.7) n = 207 |
10.0 (0.0 to 26.7) n = 176 | 6.7 (0.0 to 23.3) n = 160 | 6.7 (0.0 to 20.0) n = 145 | 8.3 (0.0 to 22.5) n = 126 |
6.7 (0.0 to 20.0) n = 116 |
3.3 (0.0 to 16.7) n = 110 |
| Disability score (0–100), %; n | ||||||||
| Entire cohort | n = 478 | n = 428 | n = 377 | n = 349 | n = 303 | n = 267 | n = 245 | n = 228 |
| 0–5 | 61.5%; n = 294 | 70.8%; n = 303 | 72.9%; n = 275 | 75.4%; n = 263 | 75.2%; n = 228 | 78.7%; n = 210 | 75.9%; n = 186 | 78.5%; n = 179 |
| 6–10 | 15.5%; n = 74 | 10.5%; n = 45 | 9%; n = 34 | 9.7%; n = 34 | 8.9%; n = 27 | 7.5%; n = 20 | 8.6%; n = 21 | 9.2%; n = 21 |
| 11–25 | 11.9%; n = 57 | 7.9%; n = 34 | 8%; n = 30 | 7.7%; n = 27 | 6.3%; n = 19 | 5.6%; n = 15 | 7.3%; n = 18 | 8.8%; n = 20 |
| 26–50 | 7.7%; n = 37 | 7.9%; n = 34 | 8.5%; n = 32 | 5.2%; n = 18 | 6.3%; n = 19 | 6%; n = 16 | 5.7%; n = 14 | 2.6%; n = 6 |
| 51–75 | 2.7%; n = 13 | 2.1%; n = 9 | 1.1%; n = 4 | 1.4%; n = 5 | 2.6%; n = 8 | 1.5%; n = 4 | 1.2%; n = 3 | 0.9%; n = 2 |
| 76–100 | 0.6%; n = 3 | 0.7%; n = 3 | 0.5%; n = 2 | 0.6%; n = 2 | 0.7%; n = 2 | 0.7%; n = 2 | 1.2%; n = 3 | 0.0%; n = 0 |
| LSRE group | n = 249 | n = 221 | n = 201 | n = 189 | n = 158 | n = 141 | n = 129 | n = 118 |
| 0–5 | 60.2%; n = 150 | 68.3%; n = 151 | 69.2%; n = 139 | 74.1%; n = 140 | 73.4%; n = 116 | 80.1%; n = 113 | 75.2%; n = 97 | 77.1%; n = 91 |
| 6–10 | 15.7%; n = 39 | 10.4%; n = 23 | 10.9%; n = 22 | 12.2%; n = 23 | 9.5%; n = 15 | 6.4%; n = 9 | 9.3%; n = 12 | 10.2%; n = 12 |
| 11–25 | 12%; n = 30 | 8.6%; n = 19 | 7.5%; n = 15 | 7.9%; n = 15 | 7%; n = 11 | 5.7%; n = 8 | 7%; n = 9 | 9.3%; n = 11 |
| 26–50 | 9.2%; n = 23 | 10%; n = 22 | 10.0%; n = 20 | 2.6%; n = 5 | 6.3%; n = 10 | 5.7%; n = 8 | 6.2%; n = 8 | 2.5%; n = 3 |
| 51–75 | 2.4%; n = 6 | 1.8%; n = 4 | 1.5%; n = 3 | 2.1%; n = 4 | 2.5%; n = 4 | 0.7%; n = 1 | 0.0%; n = 0 | 0.8%; n = 1 |
| 76–100 | 0.4%; n = 1 | 0.9%; n = 2 | 1.0%; n = 2 | 1.1%; n = 2 | 1.3%; n = 2 | 1.4%; n = 2 | 2.3%; n = 3 | 0.0%; n = 0 |
| NIRE group | n = 229 | n = 207 | n = 176 | n = 160 | n = 145 | n = 126 | n = 116 | n = 110 |
| 0–5 | 62.9%; n = 144 | 73.4%; n = 152 | 77.3%; n = 136 | 76.9%; n = 123 | 77.2%; n = 112 | 77%; n = 97 | 76.7%; n = 89 | 80%; n = 88 |
| 6–10 | 15.3%; n = 35 | 10.6%; n = 22 | 6.8%; n = 12 | 6.9%; n = 11 | 8.3%; n = 12 | 8.7%; n = 11 | 7.8%; n = 9 | 8.2%; n = 9 |
| 11–25 | 11.8%; n = 27 | 7.2%; n = 15 | 8.5%; n = 15 | 7.5%; n = 12 | 5.5%; n = 8 | 5.6%; n = 7 | 7.8%; n = 9 | 8.2%; n = 9 |
| 26–50 | 6.1%; n = 14 | 5.8%; n = 12 | 6.8%; n = 12 | 8.1%; n = 13 | 6.2%; n = 9 | 6.3%; n = 8 | 5.2%; n = 6 | 2.7%; n = 3 |
| 51–75 | 3.1%; n = 7 | 2.4%; n = 5 | 0.6%; n = 1 | 0.6%; n = 1 | 2.8%; n = 4 | 2.4%; n = 3 | 2.6%; n = 3 | 0.9%; n = 1 |
| 76–100 | 0.9%; n = 2 | 0.5%; n = 1 | 0.0%; n = 0 | 0.0%; n = 0 | 0.0%; n = 0 | 0.0%; n = 0 | 0.0%; n = 0 | 0.0%; n = 0 |
| Moderate physical activity (min), median (IQR) | ||||||||
| Entire cohort | 140.0 (25.0 to 360.0) n = 476 |
50.0 (0.0 to 240.0) n = 425 |
150.0 (30.0 to 300.0) n = 373 |
150.0 (37.7 to 300.0) n = 342 |
150.0 (45.0 to 310.0) n = 303 |
180.0 (60.0 to 350.0) n = 265 |
160.0 (50.0 to 350.0) n = 243 |
180.0 (47.5 to 360.0) n = 227 |
| LSRE group | 200.0 (60.0 to 400.0) n = 249 |
95.0 (0.0 to 300.0) n = 220 |
180.0 (60.0 to 375.0) n = 197 |
180.0 (60.0 to 347.5) n = 187 |
190.0 (60.0 to 395.0) n = 158 |
200.0 (80.0 to 400.0) n = 140 |
200.0 (60.0 to 380.0) n = 129 |
200.0 (60.0 to 390.0) n = 118 |
| NIRE group | 75.0 (0.0 to 245.0) n = 227 |
0.0 (0.0 to 165.0) n = 205 |
115.0 (0.0 to 240.0) n = 176 |
120.0 (0.0 to 245.0) n = 155 |
120.0 (20.0 to 240.0) n = 145 |
120.0 (30.0 to 270.0) n = 125 |
125.0 (40.0 to 240.0) n = 114 |
120.0 (30.0 to 250.0) n = 109 |
| Vigorous physical activity (min), median (IQR) | ||||||||
| Entire cohort | 30.0 (0.0 to 120.0) n = 476 |
0.0 (0.0 to 70.0) n = 425 | 30.0 (0.0 to 120.0) n = 373 |
30.0 (0.0 to 147.5) n = 342 |
30.0 (0.0 to 132.5) n = 303 |
45.0 (0.0 to 130.0) n = 265 |
40.0 (0.0 to 150.0) n = 243 |
40.0 (0.0 to 150.0) n = 227 |
| LSRE group | 50.0 (0.0 to 165.0) n = 249 |
(0.0 to 120.0) n = 220 |
60.0 (0.0 to 160.0) n = 197 |
60.0 (0.0 to 160.0) n = 187 |
55.0 (0.0 to 180.0) n = 158 |
60.0 (7.5 to 200.0) n = 140 |
50.0 (0.0 to 200.0) n = 129 |
60.0 (0.0 to 200.0) n = 118 |
| NIRE group | 0.0 (0.0 to 60.0) n = 227 |
0.0 (0.0 to 50.0) n = 205 | 10.0 (0.0 to 60.0) n = 176 | 20.0 (0.0 to 110.0) n = 155 |
20.0 (0.0 to 90.0) n = 145 |
20.0 (0.0 to 90.0) n = 125 |
30.0 (0.0 to 120.0) n = 114 |
20.0 (0.0 to 120.0) n = 109 |
| WHO-5 score (0–25), median (IQR) | ||||||||
| Entire cohort | 15.0 (10.0 to 19.0) n = 472 |
15.0 (11.0 to 19.0) n = 424 |
16.0 (11.0 to 19.0) n = 373 |
17.0 (12.0 to 20.0) n = 342 |
13.0 (10.0 to 18.0) n = 300 |
13.0 (10.0 to 17.0) n = 265 |
12.0 (10.0 to 17.0) n = 244 |
12.0 (10.0 to 16.2) n = 228 |
| LSRE group | 15.0 (10.0 to 19.0) n = 246 |
15.0 (11.0 to 20.0) n = 219 |
16.0 (11.0 to 20.0) n = 198 |
17.0 (12.0 to 20.0) n = 186 |
13.0 (10.0 to 17.0) n = 156 |
13.0 (10.0 to 16.2) n = 140 |
12.0(10.0 to 16.0) n = 129 |
11.5 (10.0 to 16.0) n = 120 |
| NIRE group | 15.0 (10.0 to 19.0) n = 226 |
15.0 (11.0 to 19.0) n = 205 |
15.0 (11.0 to 19.0) n = 175 |
16.0 (11.0 to 20.0) n = 156 |
14.0 (10.0 to 19.0) n = 144 |
13.0 (10.0 to 17.0) n = 125 |
13.0 (10.0 to 17.0) n = 115 |
12.5 (10.0 to 17.2) n = 108 |
| SKK- Index (-10–10), mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Entire cohort | 4.4 (2.6) n = 477 |
5.7 (5.2) n = 427 |
4.4 (3.0) n = 376 |
4.5 (2.8) n = 347 |
4.4 (2.8) n = 303 |
4.3 (3.0) n = 267 |
4.4 (2.8) n = 245 |
4.4 (3.0) n = 228 |
| LSRE group | 4.3 (2.6) n = 249 |
5.9 (5.5) n = 220 |
4.4 (3.1) n = 200 |
4.5 (2.8) n = 188 |
4.6 (2.8) n = 158 |
4.4 (3.1) n = 141 |
4.5 (2.8) n = 129 |
4.7 (2.7) n = 118 |
| NIRE group | 4.5 (2.6) n = 228 |
5.5 (4.9) n = 207 |
4.3 (2.8) n = 176 |
4.4 (2.9) n = 159 |
4.2 (2.8) n = 145 |
4.1 (2.9) n = 126 |
4.3 (3.0) n = 116 |
4.1 (3.3) n = 110 |
| MOS sleep scale II (0–100), mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Entire cohort | 67.6 (12.1) n = 477 | 68.8 (10.7) n = 428 | 68.1 (11.5) n = 377 |
68.7 (10.1) n = 349 |
67.9 (11.3) n = 303 | 66.6 (12.5) n = 267 | 69.0 (10.6) n = 245 | 69.0 (11.2) n = 228 |
| LSRE group | 66.8 (12.0) n = 248 | 69.3 (10.4) n = 221 | 68.1 (11.1) n = 201 |
68.7 (10.2) n = 189 |
67.4 (12.6) n = 158 | 66.1 (13.1) n = 141 | 68.9 (11.4) n = 129 | 70.0 (11.2) n = 118 |
| NIRE group | 68.5 (12.2) n = 229 | 68.3 (11.0) n = 207 | 68.1 (11.9) n = 176 |
68.7 (10.2) n = 160 |
68.4 (9.9) n = 145 | 67.1 (11.8) n = 126 | 69.1 (9.7) n = 116 | 68.0 (11.1) n = 110 |
| GAD 7 questionnaire (0–21), median (IQR) | ||||||||
| Entire cohort | 6.0 (3.0 to 9.0) n = 478 |
5.0 (2.0 to 9.0) n = 428 |
4.0 (2.0 to 8.0) n = 377 |
4.0 (1.0 to 8.0) n = 349 |
4.0 (2.0 to 7.0) n = 303 |
4.0 (1.0 to 7.0) n = 267 | 3.0 (1.0 to 7.0) n = 245 | 4.0 (1.0 to 7.0) n = 228 |
| LSRE group | 5.0 (2.0 to 9.0) n = 249 |
4.0 (2.0 to 8.0) n = 221 |
4.0 (2.0 to 8.0) n = 201 |
4.0 (1.0 to 8.0) n = 189 |
4.0 (1.0 to 7.0) n = 158 |
3.0 (1.0 to 7.0) n = 141 | 3.0 (1.0 to 7.0) n = 129 | 3.0 (0.0 to 7.0) n = 118 |
| NIRE group | 6.0 (3.0 to 9.0) n = 229 |
6.0 (3.0 to 9.0) n = 207 |
5.0 (2.0 to 7.2) n = 176 |
4.0 (2.0 to 7.0) n = 160 |
4.0 (2.0 to 6.0) n = 145 |
4.0 (1.0 to 7.0) n = 126 | 3.0 (1.0 to 6.0) n = 116 | 4.0 (2.0 to 7.0) n = 110 |
GAD 7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-7; MOS, Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Sleep Scale; SKK, Self-concordance Scale for Exercise Motivation; WHO, World Health Organization – Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5); LSRE, Live-Streamed – > Recorded Exercise; NIRE, No Intervention – > Recorded Exercise; IQR, 25% to 75% interquartile range.