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. 2024 Dec 2;14:29921. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80946-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Metabolic activities of CYP3A4 in gut MPS/Fluid3D-X. Metabolism of midazolam in the gut MPS/Fluid3D-X. Midazolam was administered to apical side of gut MPS/Fluid3D-X in the presence (closed circles) or absence (open circles) of inhibitors, and concentration of its metabolite, 1-hydroxymidazolam was monitored in apical (a) or basal side (b). The total amount of 1-hydroxymidazolam formed by gut MPS/Fluid3D-X after dosing the apical side with midazolam is shown in Fig. 4c. ^##p < 0.01; significant difference between the presence and absence of inhibitors. Each bar and error bar represent the mean value and SD, respectively (inhibitor(-): n = 4, inhibitor (+): n = 3).