Table 1.

The main parameters of algorithms involved.

Algorithm	Abbr.	Parameters settings	References
Global dynamic evolution snow ablation optimizer	GDSAO	, , ,	–
Snow ablation optimizer	SAO		25
Multi-strategy boosted snow ablation optimizer	MSAO	,	26
Differential vectors empower snow ablation optimizer	DESAO		29
Marine predators algorithm	MPA		35
Equilibrium optimizer	EO		36
Covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy	CMA-ES		37
Single objective real-parameter optimization	jSO		38