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. 2024 Dec 2;14:29876. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-81100-y

Table 4.

The Wilcoxon test result of CGO and other algorithms on CEC2017.

Comparison Wilcoxon test
GDSAO versus SAO 9.318e−06
GDSAO versus MSAO 2.410E−04
GDSAO versus DESAO 1.056E−04
GDSAO versus MPA 1.251E−04
GDSAO versus EO 2.126E−05
GDSAO versus CMA-ES 4.716E−06
GDSAO versus jSO 2.104E−03