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. 2024 Dec 14;30(46):4864–4879. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i46.4864

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©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Regulation of lipocalin-2 biosynthesis (schematic diagram). The factors influencing lipocalin 2 expression alterations across various models were summarized. TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; TRAD: Protein TraD; TRAF: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors; IAP: Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins; RIPK1: Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1; CARD9: Caspase-recruitment domain 9; IKK: IκB kinase; NLPR3: NLR-family pyrin domain-containing protein 3; IKB: Inhibitor of kB; NFKB: Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B; JAK: Janus kinase; SOC3: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; STAT1/3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/3; S1P: Sphingosine-1-phosphate; S1PR: Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor; H3K27m³: Histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation; KDM6A: Lysine-specific demethylase 6A; LCN2: Lipocalin-2.