Table 2. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics.
| Characteristic | No. of participants (%) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 600) | MOUD (n = 300) | MOUD + CM (n = 300) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 38.4 (8.6) | 38.1 (8.6) | 39.5 (9.0) | .71 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 258 (43.0) | 138 (46.0) | 120 (40.0) | .93 |
| Male | 342 (57.0) | 162 (54.0) | 180 (60.0) | |
| Race | ||||
| African American or Black | 18 (3.0) | 9 (3.0) | 9 (3.0) | .97 |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Asian | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | |
| White | 569 (94.8) | 285 (95.0) | 284 (94.7) | |
| Multiracial | 9 (1.5) | 4 (1.3) | 5 (1.7) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 193 (32.2) | 86 (28.7) | 107 (35.7) | .97 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 407 (67.8) | 214 (71.3) | 193 (64.3) | |
| Treatment setting | ||||
| OTP | 311 (51.8) | 187 (62.3) | 124 (41.3) | <.001 |
| OBOT | 289 (48.2) | 113 (37.7) | 176 (58.7) | |
| MOUDa | ||||
| Buprenorphine only | 315 (52.5) | 135 (45.0) | 180 (60.0) | <.001 |
| Methadone only | 276 (46.0) | 160 (53.3) | 116 (38.7) | |
| Retained in treatment | 303 (50.5) | 118 (39.3) | 185 (61.7) | <.001 |
| Duration of treatment, mean (SD), d | 263.1 (122.1) | 236.1 (128.1) | 290.2 (109.4) | <.001 |
| Duration of opioid use at end of treatment, mean (SD), d | 10.2 (14.3) | 12.0 (13.5) | 8.4 (12.9) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: CM, contingency management; MOUD, medication for opioid use disorder; OBOT, office-based opioid treatment; OTP, opioid treatment program.
a
Six patients started treatment taking methadone and transitioned to buprenorphine, and 3 patients started treatment taking buprenorphine and transitioned to naltrexone.