Table 3.

Multivariate analysis of factors associated with individual-based Helicobacter pylori infection

Model	Intercept and variables	Odds ratio	95%CI	P value
Fixed effect	Intercept	0.53	0.21-1.35	0.184
	Age (years)
	≤ 18	Reference
	≤ 39	1.68	0.75-3.75	0.207
	≤ 59	1.74	0.76-4.02	0.193
	≥ 60	1.97	0.82-4.71	0.127
	Body mass index (kg/m2)
	< 18.5	Reference
	18.5-23.9	2.25	0.80-6.31	0.123
	24-27.9	1.28	0.56-2.95	0.557
	> 28	1.19	0.55-2.61	0.656
	Family size
	2	Reference
	3	0.69	0.43-1.12	0.134
	Four and above	0.64	0.37-1.11	0.114
	Eating too hot food
	Never	Reference
	Occasionally	1.14	0.73-1.79	0.563
	Every day or often	2.11	1.09-4.11	0.027
	Consumption of nuts
	Never	Reference
	Occasionally	0.56	0.36-0.88	0.013
	Every day or often	0.45	0.22-0.92	0.03
	Heartburn
	Never or rarely	Reference
	Often or occasionally	1.00	0.64-1.57	0.993
	Abdominal distension
	Never or rarely	Reference
	Often or occasionally	1.07	0.64-1.80	0.791
	Halitosis
	Never or rarely	Reference
	Often or occasionally	1.70	1.06-2.72	0.028
Random effect	Level 2			0.055
	Level 1 (scale parameters)

P value was calculated by multivariate analysis utilizing generalized linear mixed models and was adjusted with items of P < 0.05 in univariate logistic regression.