Table 4.

The characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Region	Cholelithiasis type	Sample source for H. pylori	Method for H. pylori	No. of cholelithiasis	No. of non-cholelithiasis
Loosen et al[54], 2024	Germany	Cholelithiasis	Medical records	Medical records	2394	34669
Sermet[55], 2024	Turkey	Cholelithiasis	Gastric biopsy	Histology	8753	5565
Azimirad et al[12], 2023	Iran	Common bile duct stones	Bile	16S rDNA sequencing	9	6
Cen et al[15], 2023	China	Gallstones	Breath	13C/14C-UBT	60	1132
Hashimoto et al[56], 2022	Japan	Gallstones	Serum	Antibody test	14	47
Higashizono et al[57], 2022	Japan	Gallstones	Medical records	Medical records	23843	588087
Jahantab et al[58], 2021	Iran	Cholelithiasis	Bile	Antigen test	132	/
Kucuk and Küçük[13], 2021	Turkey	Gallstones	Gallbladder	Giemsa	131	82
Zhang et al[16], 2020	China	Gallstones	Breath	13C/14C-UBT	935	935
Ari et al[59], 2019	Turkey	Gallstones	Gallbladder	Giemsa	27	33
Cherif et al[60], 2019	Morocco	Bile duct stones	Gallbladder	IHC	48	41
Kerawala et al[61], 2019	Pakistan	Gallstones	Serum	Antibody test	45	45
Fatemi et al[62], 2018	Iran	Gallstones	Serum	ELISA	52	25
Xu et al[63], 2018	China	Gallstones	Serum	ELISA	995	16976
Seyyedmajidi[64], 2017	Iran	Common bile duct stones	Bile	PCR	150	/
Choi et al[65], 2016	Korea	Gallstones	Gastric biopsy	CLO test	39	607
Dar et al[66], 2016	India	Hepatobiliary lithiasis	Bile	PCR	50	25
Patnayak et al[67], 2016	India	Gallstones	Gallbladder	IHC	40	5
Tajeddin et al[68], 2016	Iran	Gallstones	Bile	PCR	74	28
Guraya et al[69], 2015	Saudi Arabia	Gallstones	Serum	ELISA	95	30
Zhang et al[70], 2015	China	Gallstones	Breath	13C-UBT	882	9134
Murphy et al[71], 2014	Finland	Gallstones	Serum	Serology	10	214
Takahashi et al[50], 2014	Japan	Gallstones	Serum	ELISA	694	14857
Zhou et al[36], 2013	China	Gallstones	Gallbladder	PCR	267	59
Boonyanugomol et al[72], 2012	Thailand	Cholelithiasis	Bile	PCR	53	103
Jahani Sherafat et al[73], 2012	Iran	Gallstones	Bile	PCR	74	28
Yakoob et al[74], 2011	Pakistan	Cholelithiasis	Gallbladder/bile	IHC/PCR	89	49
Bostanoğlu et al[75], 2010	Turkey	Calculous cholecystitis	Gallbladder/bile/stone	PCR	47	3
Lee et al[14], 2010	Korea	Gallstones	Gallstone	PCR	22	/
Popović et al[76], 2010	Serbia	Cholelithiasis	Blood	Serology	3	204
Griniatsos et al[77], 2009	Greece	Cholesterol gallstones	Gallbladder	Histology	89	42
Yucebilgili et al[78], 2009	Turkey	Cholelithiasis	Gallbladder	PCR	41	27
Misra et al[79], 2007	India	Gallstones	Gallbladder	Histology	116	45
Abayli et al[80], 2005	Turkey	Mixed cholesterol gallstones	Gallbladder	HE	77	20
Kobayashi et al[81], 2005	Japan	Cholelithiasis	Bile	PCR	30	27
Farshad et al[82], 2004	Iran	Gallstones	Gallstone/bile	PCR	33	40
Chen et al[83], 2003	New Zealand	Gallstones	Gallbladder	PCR	70	52
Silva et al[84], 2003	Brazil	Cholelithiasis	Gallbladder	PCR	46	18
Bulajic et al[43], 2002	Yugoslavia	Gallstones	Bile	PCR	63	26
Bulajic et al[85], 2002	Yugoslavia	Biliary lithiasis	Bile	PCR	65	7
Fukuda et al[86], 2002	Japan	Cholecystolithiasis	Gallbladder/bile	PCR	15	23
Harada et al[87], 2001	Japan	Cholelithiasis	Bile/biliary epithelium	PCR	53	16
Myung et al[88], 2000	Korea	Hepatolithiasis	Serum	ELISA	30	13
Roe et al[89], 1999	Korea	Intrahepatic duct stones	Bile	PCR	11	21
Figura et al[90], 1998	Italy	Gallstones	Serum	ELISA	112	112
Kochhar et al[91], 1993	India	Common bile duct stone	Gastric biopsy	Giemsa	3	15
Kellosalo et al[92], 1991	Finland	Gallstones	Gastric biopsy	WS	47	41

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; WS: Warthin-Starry silver stain; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; HE: Hematoxylin and eosin staining; 13C/14C-UBT: 13C or 14C urease breath test; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; CLO: Campylobacter-like organism.