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. 2024 Nov 8;37(6):1561–1571. doi: 10.3233/BMR-230413

Table 1.

Baseline demographics, analgesics and other intervention usage of study groups

Control group with movement control exercises only (n= 13) Experimental group with movement control exercises and synchronized breathing (n= 9)
Age 53.5 ± 9.7 50.1 ± 11.9
Gender 8 females (57%) 6 females (67%)
Height 173 ± 8.9 170.4 ± 3.5
Weight 75.9 ± 14.9 76.4 ± 9.3
Body mass index 25.4 ± 3.2 25.8 ± 2.8
Education level 2.8 ± 1.1 3.3 ± 0.71
Paracetamol and NSAIDS mean days per subject 6.4 10.8
Muscle relaxants and anti-depressants mean days per subject 6.1 9.7
Weak opioids mean days per subject 0.2 0.3
Other therapies 0.6 0.7

Educational level categories: 1. Elementary school 2. High school or vocational school 3. Lower university degree 4. Higher university degree. The mean usage of analgesics per subject is calculated as total usage in days divided by subjects per group. NSAIDS = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Other therapies include physiotherapy, chiropractic or other manual therapies, and massage therapy Therapies reported the number of sessions per subject during two-month study period.