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. 2024 Aug 5;14(11):101064. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.101064

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© 2024 The Author(s)

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 5 — Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) mediating tumor multi-drug resistance. (A) Some snoRNAs promote tumor drug resistance by promoting cell stemness transformation. (B) Some snoRNAs promote tumor drug resistance by promoting DNA damage repair (DDR). (C) Some snoRNAs mediate tumor drug resistance by regulating cell death. (D) Some snoRNAs promote tumor multi-drug resistance by inhibiting oxidative stress. Others, such as SNORA34, can downregulate the membrane transporter protein adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1) to inhibit tumor drug resistance. Red arrows denote promoting drug resistance and blue arrows denote reversing drug resistance. BRCA: breast cancer; AML: acute myeloid leukemia; CRC: colorectal cancer; 5-Fu: 5-fluorouracil; OV: ovarian cancer; SNORDs: C/D box snoRNAs; CRPC: castration-resistant prostate cancer; sdRNA: snoRNA-derived RNAs; PAAD: pancreatic adenocarcinoma; RRP9: ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing 9; OS: osteosarcoma; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; TNBC: triple-negative BRCA; MM: multiple myeloma; 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; DOX: doxorubicin.