Table 1.
Comparison between the two studied groups according to different parameters
| Reference range | COVID-19 patients (n = 140) |
Controls (n = 80) |
Test of significance | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gender Male (n = 132) Female (n = 88) |
- - |
78 (55.7%) 62 (44.3%) |
54 (67.5%) 26 (32.5%) |
χ2 = 2.946 | 0.086 |
| Age (years) Median (Min. – Max.) | - | 61 (26–85) | 62.5 (43–82) | U = 5072 | 0.245 |
|
Age categories < 60 years (n = 98) ≥60 years (n = 122) |
- |
64(45.7%) 76(54.3%) |
34(42.5%) 46(57.5%) |
χ2 = 0.2 | 0.6 |
| TLC (cell/mm3) Median (Min. – Max.) | 4–11*103 | 11,200 (4400–67400) | 7650 (4200–11442) | U = 8768 | < 0.001 * |
| Lymphocytes (%) Median (Min. – Max.) | 20–40% | 10 (2–45.8) | 32 (22–42.6) | U = 1036 | < 0.001 * |
| NLR Median (Min. – Max.) | 1–2 | 8.50 (1.10–47.50) | 2.10 (1.30–3.50) | U = 10,140 | < 0.001 * |
| Hb (g/dl) Median (Min. – Max.) |
M 14–18 F 12–16 |
12.3 (7.6–20.1) | 13.90 (11.9–17.1) | U = 2948 | < 0.001 * |
| Platelets (mcL) Median (Min. – Max.) | 150–400*103 | 276 (84–499) | 272 (147–416) | U = 5274 | 0.473 |
| D-dimer (ng/ml) Median (Min. – Max.) | 500> | 940 (100–10000) | 156.5 (30–246) | U = 10,174 | < 0.001* |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) Median (Min. – Max.) |
M 24–236 F 24–307 |
270 (8–870) | 73.5 (30–230) | U = 9594 | < 0.001 * |
| CRP (mg/ L) Median (Min. – Max.) | 8–10 | 68.15 (4.4–297) | 5 (1–55) | U = 10,850 | < 0.001 * |
| LDH (U/ L) Median (Min. – Max.) | 140–280 | 295 (27–1304) | 168 (110–242) | U = 8728 | < 0.001 * |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) Median (Min. – Max.) |
M 0.7–1.3 F 0.6–1.1 |
1.10 (0.57–11.70) | 1.0 (0.70–1.30) | U = 6824 | 0.007 * |
| PT (seconds) Median (Min. – Max.) | 11–13 | 13.25 (11.5–59) | 12.20 (11.0–13.50) | U = 9480 | < 0.001 * |
| INR Median (Min. – Max.) | 0.8–1.1 | 1.10 (1.0–4.27) | 1.0 (0.80–1.20) | U = 8540 | < 0.001 * |
| AST (U/L) Median (Min. – Max.) | 8–33 | 38.5 (10–287) | 29.50 (10–45) | U = 7450.5 | < 0.001 * |
| ALT (U/L) Median (Min. – Max.) | 4–36 | 39 (10–342) | 24.0 (11–36) | U = 8246 | < 0.001 * |
| Na (mmol/L) Median (Min. – Max.) | 136–145 | 136 (119–145) | 139 (135–145) | U = 3068 | < 0.001 * |
| K (mmol/L) Median (Min. – Max.) | 3.6–5.2 | 4.05 (2.70–6.06) | 4.0 (3.50–5.0) | U = 3068 | 0.563 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) Median (Min. – Max.) | 20–40 | 4.8(2.1–18) | 21(19–24) | U = 9870 | < 0.001* |
| Vitamin D status | χ2 = 168.5 | < 0.001* | |||
| Mild/moderate deficiency (n = 94) | - | 14(10.0%) | 80(100%) | ||
| Severe deficiency (n = 126) | - | 126(90.0%) | 0(0%) |
χ2: Chi-square test, U: Mann–Whitney U test, p: p-value, *: Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05, Total leukocytic count (TLC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), LDH: lactate dehydrogenase, Variables presented as mean ± SD or Median (minimum-maximum) or number of patients number (percent) as appropriate