Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and outcomes of patients by type of malnutrition diagnosis, 2016–2019.
| Overall | No malnutrition | Nonsevere malnutrition | Severe malnutrition | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (SE) | % | n (SE) | % | n (SE) | % | ASD a | n (SE) | % | ASD a | |
| Total hospitalizations | 66,265,884 (366,991) | 100 | 61,124,524 (338,573) | 92.2 | 2,437,075 (25,423) | 3.7 | – | 2,704,285 (24,595) | 4.1 | – |
| Age (median, [IQR]) | 64 [50, 77] | – | 63 [49, 77] | – | 70 [58, 81] | – | 0.331 | 70 [59, 81] | – | 0.358 |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 32,018,209 (180,210) | 48.3 | 29,558,290 (166,577) | 48.4 | 1,140,135 (11,994) | 46.8 | 3.2 | 1,319,865 (12,372) | 48.8 | 0.8 |
| Female | 34,247,593 (190,159) | 51.7 | 31,566,233 (175,211) | 51.6 | 1,296,940 (13,782) | 53.2 | 3.2 | 1,384,420 (12,666) | 51.2 | 0.8 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||
| White | 43,825,198 (297,768) | 66.1 | 40,401,453 (274,562) | 66.1 | 1,643,635 (19,148) | 67.4 | 2.75 | 1,780,110 (17,709) | 65.8 | 0.63 |
| Black | 10,724,461 (132,687) | 16.2 | 9,883,946 (121,424) | 16.2 | 376,580 (7515) | 15.5 | 2.68 | 463,935 (8072) | 17.2 | 1.92 |
| Hispanic | 6,360,717 (105,686) | 9.6 | 5,942,237 (99,466) | 9.7 | 206,470 (4499) | 8.5 | 4.17 | 212,010 (4542) | 7.8 | 6.73 |
| Other | 5,355,508 (103,485) | 8.1 | 4,896,888 (94,650) | 8 | 210,390 (5104) | 8.6 | 2.17 | 248,230 (6009) | 8.1 | 0.37 |
| Zip income quartile | ||||||||||
| 0%–25% | 21,154,325 (200,393) | 31.9 | 19,527,600 (185,205) | 31.9 | 786,930 (14,743) | 32.3 | 0.86 | 839,975 (11,069) | 31.1 | 1.72 |
| 25%–50% | 17,438,639 (145,591) | 26.3 | 16,124,799 (135,230) | 26.4 | 627,660 (7723) | 25.8 | 1.37 | 686,180 (7947) | 25.4 | 2.28 |
| 50%–75% | 15,417,976 (140,119) | 23.3 | 14,214,406 (129,743) | 23.3 | 568,805 (7189) | 23.3 | 0 | 634,765 (7679) | 23.5 | 0.47 |
| 75+% | 12,254,943 (171,161) | 18.5 | 11,257,718 (157,578) | 18.4 | 453,680 (7900) | 18.6 | 0.52 | 543,545 (9876) | 20.1 | 4.31 |
| Gagne score (median, [IQR]) | 1.7 [0.3, 3.8] | – | 1.5 [0.1, 3.4] | – | 4.8 [3.2, 6.9] | – | 1.33 | 5.0 [3.4, 7.3] | – | 1.37 |
| Peg tube placementb | 312,260 (2980) | 0.47 | 157,045 (1796) | 0.26 | 65,670 (879) | 2.7 | 20.31 | 89,545 (1143) | 23.3 | 23.14 |
| Mechanical ventilationb | 2,409,035 (17,139) | 3.6 | 2,045,555 (14,885) | 3.3 | 170,835 (2191) | 7 | 16.18 | 192,645 (2154) | 7.1 | 17.18 |
| Deathb | 1,815,534 (13,013) | 2.7 | 1,432,025 (10,494) | 2.3 | 133,885 (1550) | 5.5 | 16.59 | 249,625 (2566) | 9.2 | 29.97 |
Abbreviations: ASD, absolute standardized mean difference; IQR, interquartile range; SE, standard error.
a
ASD from no malnutrition.
b
Denotes category with ASD > 10% from reference category (no malnutrition).