Table 6.

Indications for intestinal transplantation

Evidence of advanced or progressive IF-associated liver disease

• Hyperbilirubinemia >4.5 mg/dL despite intravenous lipid modification strategies that persists for >2 months

• Any combination of elevated serum bilirubin, reduced synthetic function (subnormal albumin or elevated international normalized ratio), and laboratory indications of portal hypertension and hypersplenism, especially low platelet count, persisting for >1 month in the absence of a confounding infectious event

Thrombosis of 3 out of 4 discrete upper body central veins (left subclavian and internal jugular, right subclavian and internal jugular) or occlusion of a brachiocephalic vein (last criterion should be evaluated in a case-by-case basis)

Life-threatening morbidity in the setting of indefinite PN dependence of either anatomical or functional cause (case-by-case basis)

Invasive intra-abdominal desmoids

Acute diffuse intestinal infarction with hepatic failure

Failure of first intestinal transplant