Table 4.
Effects of the 2 exercise interventions on physical functions in older adults.*
| CON (n = 21), mean ± SD (95% CI) | p | ES | RT group, mean ± SD (95% CI) | p | ES | RBT group, mean ± SD (95% CI) | p | ES | |
| TUG (s) | |||||||||
| Pre | 8.67 ± 1.03 (8.20 ± 9.14) | 0.14 | 0.04 | 9.01 ± 1.20 (8.48 ± 9.54) | <0.001 | 0.42 | 8.92 ± 1.68 (8.17 ± 9.66) | <0.001 | 0.76 |
| Post | 8.90 ± 1.14 (8.39 ± 9.42) | 8.00 ± 0.83 (7.63 ± 8.36) | 6.78 ± 1.12 (6.28 ± 7.28) | ||||||
| UWS (s) | |||||||||
| Pre | 5.27 ± 1.27 (4.69 ± 5.85) | 0.94 | <0.001 | 4.87 ± 1.02 (4.42 ± 5.32) | 0.02 | 0.09 | 4.87 ± 0.64 (4.59 ± 5.15) | <0.001 | 0.39 |
| Post | 5.26 ± 1.27 (4.68 ± 5.83) | 4.53 ± 1.16 (4.01 ± 5.05) | 4.01 ± 0.97 (3.58 ± 4.44) | ||||||
| MWS (s) | |||||||||
| Pre | 3.87 ± 0.63 (3.58 ± 4.16) | 0.30 | 0.01 | 3.65 ± 0.57 (3.40 ± 3.90) | 0.04 | 0.07 | 3.67 ± 0.51 (3.45 ± 3.90) | <0.001 | 0.35 |
| Post | 3.97 ± 0.61 (3.69 ± 4.24) | 3.42 ± 0.56 (3.17 ± 3.67) | 3.03 ± 0.66 (2.73 ± 3.32) | ||||||
| ACT (no.) | |||||||||
| Pre | 20.48 ± 3.26 (19.05 ± 21.91) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 20.45 ± 3.26 (19.01 ± 21.90) | <0.001 | 0.37 | 20.91 ± 2.56 (19.77 ± 22.04) | <0.001 | 0.27 |
| Post | 19.90 ± 2.84 (18.61 ± 21.20) | 22.18 ± 2.70 (20.98 ± 23.38) | 22.27 ± 1.96 (21.41 ± 23.14) | ||||||
| CST (no.) | |||||||||
| Pre | 19.81 ± 4.43 (17.79 ± 21.83) | 0.02 | 0.09 | 18.95 ± 5.66 (16.44 ± 21.46) | <0.001 | 0.55 | 18.77 ± 5.75 (16.22 ± 21.32) | <0.001 | 0.83 |
| Post | 18.67 ± 4.55 (16.59 ± 20.74) | 22.95 ± 5.21 (20.65 ± 25.26) | 26.64 ± 3.75 (24.97 ± 28.30) | ||||||
| Spirometry (ml) | |||||||||
| Pre | 1957.90 ± 429.32 (1762.48 ± 2,153.33) | 0.17 | 0.52 | 2041.41 ± 674.65 (1742.29 ± 2,340.53) | <0.001 | 0.59 | 2091.36 ± 584.25 (1832.32 ± 2,350.41) | <0.001 | 0.60 |
| Post | 1916.33 ± 470.27 (1702.27 ± 2,130.40) | 2,320.55 ± 620.66 (2045.36 ± 2,595.73) | 2,373.32 ± 476.32 (2,162.13 ± 2,584.51) | ||||||
| HS (kg) | |||||||||
| Pre | 28.14 ± 5.54 (25.62 ± 30.67) | 0.37 | 0.01 | 28.21 ± 6.56 (25.30 ± 31.12) | <0.001 | 0.31 | 28.12 ± 4.07 (26.32 ± 29.93) | <0.001 | 0.62 |
| Post | 28.01 ± 5.81 (25.36 ± 30.65) | 29.00 ± 6.61 (26.07 ± 31.93) | 29.65 ± 4.04 (27.86 ± 31.44) |
*
CI = confidence interval; ES, effect size; RT = resistance only training; RBT = combined resistance and balance training; TUG = timed up and go; UWS = usual walking speed; MWS = maximum walking speed; ACT = 30-second arm curl test; CST = 30-second chair stand test; HS = handgrip strength.