Table 3.
PC2 was associated with several HMO measures.
| HMO Summary Measures (nmol/mL) | PC1 | PC2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | P | β (95% CI) | P | |
| Diversity+ | -0.02 (-0.09, 0.05) | 0.55 | -0.08 (-0.16, -0.001) | 4.6x10-2 |
| Sum of HMOs | 11.79 (-52.17, 75.75) | 0.72 | 151.40 (77.57, 225.23) | 1.0x10-4 |
| HMO-bound fucose | 10.76 (-63.81, 85.32) | 0.78 | 103.99 (17.91, 190.07) | 0.02 |
| HMO-bound sialic acid | 20.21 (-12.23, 52.65) | 0.21 | -6.25 (-43.70, 31.19) | 0.74 |
| HMO concentrations (nmol/mL) | PC1 | PC2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | P | PBH | β (95% CI) | P | PBH | |
| 2’FL | 36.11 (-69.52, 141.74) | 0.50 | 0.56 | 233.90 (111.96, 355.84) | 3.0x10-4 | 2.0x10-3 |
| 3FL | 24.32 (-11.11, 59.76) | 0.18 | 0.33 | -29.12 (-70.02, 11.79) | 0.16 | 0.23 |
| 3’SL | 17.81 (-6.41, 42.04) | 0.15 | 0.31 | -30.39 (-58.36, -2.43) | 0.03 | 0.11 |
| 6’SL | 4.20 (-6.67, 15.07) | 0.44 | 0.56 | 25.41 (12.86, 37.96) | 1.0x10-4 | 0.002 |
| DFLac | 5.44 (-5.64, 16.52) | 0.33 | 0.45 | -9.80 (-22.59, 2.99) | 0.13 | 0.22 |
| DFLNH | 1.61 (-2.80, 6.03) | 0.47 | 0.56 | 2.16 (-2.93, 7.26) | 0.40 | 0.49 |
| DFLNT | -22.90 (-52.82, 7.02) | 0.13 | 0.31 | -27.35 (-61.89, 7.19) | 0.12 | 0.22 |
| DSLNH | 2.11 (-1.55, 5.77) | 0.26 | 0.37 | 3.41 (-0.82, 7.64) | 0.11 | 0.22 |
| DSLNT | -3.38 (-9.17, 2.40) | 0.25 | 0.37 | -6.71 (-13.39, -0.03) | 4.9x10-2 | 0.13 |
| FDSLNH | 2.67 (-0.63, 5.97) | 0.11 | 0.31 | 2.93 (-0.88, 6.74) | 0.13 | 0.22 |
| FLNH | 3.83 (-0.06, 7.71) | 0.05 | 0.28 | 5.97 (1.48, 10.45) | 0.01 | 0.06 |
| LnNT | -11.52 (-23.39, 0.36) | 0.06 | 0.28 | 1.15 (-12.56, 14.86) | 0.87 | 0.87 |
| LNT | -21.78 (-45.96, 2.41) | 0.08 | 0.29 | 19.10 (-8.82, 47.02) | 0.18 | 0.24 |
| LNFP I | -11.48 (-50.44, 27.47) | 0.56 | 0.59 | -51.51 (-96.48, -6.53) | 0.03 | 0.11 |
| LNFP II | -13.68 (-27.91, 0.56) | 0.06 | 0.28 | 12.31 (-4.13, 28.75) | 0.14 | 0.22 |
| LNFP III | 0.68 (-0.42, 1.78) | 0.22 | 0.37 | -0.52 (-1.79, 0.75) | 0.42 | 0.49 |
| LNH | 2.33 (0.07, 4.59) | 0.04 | 0.28 | 0.99 (-1.62, 3.59) | 0.45 | 0.51 |
| LSTb | -0.30 (-2.04, 1.45) | 0.74 | 0.74 | -2.17 (-4.18, -0.15) | 0.04 | 0.11 |
| LSTc | -4.30 (-9.87, 1.27) | 0.13 | 0.31 | 1.63 (-4.80, 8.06) | 0.62 | 0.65 |
Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between PC1 and PC2 with HMO summary measures and HMO concentrations. Models adjusted for technical covariates (i.e., proportion of rRNA, volume of skim milk) as well as days postpartum, time of day of human milk collection, and number of breast feedings per day. Regressions where the outcome was HMO concentration were adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure (BH). Bold indicates PBH < 0.1.
+Diversity was estimated using Simpson’s Diversity measure.