Table 2.
Adjusted OR (95% CI) for the associations between phr and diabetes/prediabetes.
| PHR | Range | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | ||||
| Continuous | 1.15 (1.12, 1.18) | 1.14 (1.10, 1.18) | 1.13 (1.09, 1.17) | |
| Categories | ||||
| Q1 | < 3.51 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Q2 | 3.51–4.56 | 1.39 (1.19, 1.61) | 1.35 (1.09, 1.68) | 1.32 (1.06, 1.64) |
| Q3 | 4.56–5.87 | 1.58 (1.36, 1.83) | 1.46 (1.18, 1.82) | 1.42 (1.14, 1.77) |
| Q4 | > 5.87 | 2.27 (1.96, 2.62) | 2.18 (1.74, 2.73) | 2.08 (1.66, 2.61) |
| p-trend | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |
| Prediabetes | ||||
| Continuous | 1.09 (1.07, 1.12) | 1.11 (1.08, 1.15) | 1.18 (1.06, 1.32) | |
| Categories | ||||
| Q1 | < 3.51 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Q2 | 3.51–4.56 | 1.16 (1.03, 1.30) | 1.29 (1.10, 1.51) | 2.09 (1.38, 3.17) |
| Q3 | 4.56–5.87 | 1.30 (1.16, 1.46) | 1.43 (1.21, 1.69) | 2.38 (1.43, 3.98) |
| Q4 | > 5.87 | 1.65 (1.47, 1.85) | 1.79 (1.50, 2.12) | 2.68 (1.61, 4.45) |
| p-trend | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |
| Diabetes and Prediabetes | ||||
| Continuous | 1.13 (1.11, 1.16) | 1.13 (1.08, 1.16) | 1.17 (1.05, 1.30) | |
| Categories | ||||
| Q1 | < 3.51 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Q2 | 3.51–4.56 | 1.21 (1.08, 1.35) | 1.26 (1.09, 1.47) | 1.89 (1.24, 2.87) |
| Q3 | 4.56–5.87 | 1.39 (1.25, 1.56) | 1.44 (1.20, 1.68) | 2.18 (1.30, 3.64) |
| Q4 | > 5.87 | 1.93 (1.73, 2.16) | 1.88 (1.60, 2.21) | 2.55 (1.52, 4.28) |
| p-trend | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |
The PHR was categorized into four quartiles and tests for trend (p–trend) based on variable containing the median value for each quartiles. PHR also was utilized as continuous variables and p-value was used to test significance.
Model 1 included only PHR as the independent variable. Model 2 included adjustments for sex, race, age, poverty status, smoking status, alcohol status, education, BMI, and physical activity. Model 3 built on Model 2 by further adjusting for hypertension, CVD, CKD, TG, LDL-C, hs-CRP, SUA and Cr.