Table 3.
Sensitivity analysis of tinnitus among patients according to GERD exposure.
| GERD diagnosis | HR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Crude HR | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| Lag 180 d | |||
| Unexposed | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| GERD | 7.25 (7.08, 7.42) | 6.23 (6.09, 6.37) | 5.74 (5.61, 5.88) |
| p value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Lag 365 d | |||
| Unexposed | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| GERD | 6.43 (6.28, 6.58) | 5.53 (5.41, 5.66) | 5.05 (4.94, 5.17) |
| p value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Lag 730 d | |||
| Unexposed | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| GERD | 5.15 (5.03, 5.28) | 4.45 (4.35, 4.55) | 4.01 (3.92, 4.10) |
| p value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Diagnosis twice | |||
| Unexposed | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| GERD | 10.28 (9.95, 10.62) | 8.44 (8.17, 8.72) | 7.76 (7.50, 8.02) |
| p value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, income level, number of gastroendoscopies and visits, comorbidities (gastritis, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insomnia, vertigo, hearing loss) and Charlson Comorbidity Index score in the 365 days before the index date. Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, income level, number of gastroendoscopies and visits, comorbidities (gastritis, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insomnia, vertigo, hearing loss), and medications (PPIs, H2RAs, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, Ginkgo biloba, steroids), and Charlson Comorbidity Index score in the 365 days before the index date. CI: confidence interval; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease; H2RA: H2 receptor antagonist; HR: hazard ratio; PPI: proton pump inhibitor.