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Flowchart of patient inclusion. This retrospective study included consecutive patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent total mesorectal excision at our institution from January 2019 to January 2022 and who had available whole-mount histology (WMH) specimens. The exclusion criteria were as follows: WMH slices not fitting into a single whole-mount cassette, presurgical MRI data unavailable, and severe restaging MRI artifacts.
