Fig. 1.

Blood levels of immune parameters in individuals with a negative urine test vs. individuals with positive urine test (stratified by agent of consumption; cannabinoids, opioids, or cocaine).

Abbreviations: WBC: white blood cell count. Analyses were based on an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with the corresponding blood parameter as the dependent variable, group as fixed effect variable, and age, consumption of BZD, and type of primary psychiatric diagnosis, as covariates. Significant values are marked with an asterisk (i.e., ∗∗∗P ≤ 0.001, ∗∗P ≤ 0.01, ∗P ≤ 0.05) when comparing negative vs. specific positive urine tests, and with the corresponding p-value (---) when comparing the positive urine tests among themselves.