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. 2024 Jul 23;13(30):2401511. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202401511

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Improved differentiation of human intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) to mature cholangiocyte phenotype. A) Schematic of the protocol to differentiate ICOs to mature cholangiocyte phenotype. CDM, cholangiocyte differentiation medium; CDM+FSK, CDM with Forskolin medium; M+C, Matrigel and collagen type I mixed hydrogel. B) Morphology of ICOs in CDM condition at different days. Scale bar = 100 µm. C,D) Gene expression analysis for cholangiocyte organoids in M+C hydrogel. Four independent donors for CDM conditions at five time points (day 0, 2, 4, 7, and 9). Results are shown as fold change relative to human liver tissue for adult stem cell and hepatocyte markers and human gallbladder for the cholangiocyte markers. Data are shown as box and whisker plots. Center line, median; box, interquartile; whiskers: minimum to maximum, show all points. Statistical differences between groups were tested using one‐way ANOVA followed by Dunn's test for multiple comparisons; n = 4, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.