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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatrics. 2024 Sep 1;154(3):e2023065412. doi: 10.1542/peds.2023-065412

Table 7.

Supplemental Results from Repeated Measures Analysis Caregiver and Family Outcomes

TWP Control

Outcome Wald Test (df) p IRR 95% CI IRR 95% CI

Primary
 IPV victimization - overall (count) 2.70 (4) .0004
  Posttest .36 [.19, .69] .41 [.25, .70]
  6-month Follow-up .73 [.41, 1.31] .72 [.41, 1.27]
 IPV perpetration - overall (count) 26.03 (4) <.001
  Posttest .45 [.24, .87] .28 [.14, .55]
  6-month Follow-up .54 [.33, .87] .66 [.38, 1.13]

Wald Test (df) p d p d p

Secondary
 Depression 8.20 (4) .085
  Posttest –.24 .036 –.11 .353
  6-month Follow-up –.33 .061 –.22 .496
 Social support 8.22 (4) .084
  Posttest .11 .229 .11 .482
  6-month Follow-up .33 .013 .28 .722
Intermediary
 Emotion Regulation
  Strategies 13.34 (4) .010
   Posttest –.03 .894 .10 .474
   6-month Follow-up .37 .009 .19 .257
  Acceptance 4.89 (4) .299
   Posttest .10 .265 .01 .900
   6-month Follow-up .17 .121 –.23 .192
  Emotion control 4.63 (4) .328
   Posttest –.05 .576 .08 .551
   6-month Follow-up .15 .345 .15 .318
  Engagement in goals 4.56 (4) .335
   Posttest .07 .420 .08 .366
   6-month Follow-up .23 .070 –.11 .735
  Clarity 2.32 (4) .677
   Posttest .08 .512 .04 .807
   6-month Follow-up –.02 .908 .19 .261
  Awareness 2.81 (4) .591
   Posttest –.08 .294 –.04 .667
   6-month Follow-up .06 .847 .11 .542
 Cultural connection
  Instrumental 11.80 (4) .019
   Posttest .16 .099 –.16 .271
   6-month Follow-up .34 .002 –.01 .911
  Psychological 1.72 (4) .030
   Posttest .04 .496 –.49 .013
   6-month Follow-up –.16 .314 –.29 .028
 Help seeking 14.33 (4) .006
  Posttest –.22 .012 –.31 .028
  6-month Follow-up –.05 .707 .00 .914
 Future orientation 4.22 (4) .377
  Posttest .06 .545 .19 .284
  6-month Follow-up –.05 .837 –.12 .269
 Parent-child communication (PR) 1.27 (4) .866
  Posttest .03 .632 –.06 .600
  6-month Follow-up .15 .373 .04 .861
 Parent-child communication (CR) 5.97 (4) .201
  Posttest .23 .096 –.17 .111
  6-month Follow-up .22 .155 –.05 .494
 Parenting skills (PR)
  Harsh parenting 7.42 (4) .115
   Posttest –.24 .048 –.15 .094
   6-month Follow-up –.18 .310 –.07 .229
  Parental monitoring 1.32 (4) .858
   Posttest –.03 .846 –.07 .653
   6-month Follow-up .08 .777 .06 .730
  Positive reinforcement 2.07 (4) .722
   Posttest .00 .725 –.14 .448
   6-month Follow-up –.15 .231 .06 .814
 Parenting skills (CR)
  Harsh parenting 3.05 (4) .550
   Posttest –.15 .168 –.13 .319
   6-month Follow-up –.15 .182 –.14 .512
  Parental monitoring 3.48 (4) .481
   Posttest .06 .404 –.03 .929
   6-month Follow-up .17 .095 .20 .360
  Positive reinforcement 9.38 (4) .052
   Posttest –.14 .082 –.28 .033
   6-month Follow-up –.03 .742 .00 .930
 Family cohesion (PR) .72 (4) .950
  Posttest .08 .439 .00 .829
  6-month Follow-up .08 .750 .06 .919
 Family cohesion (CR) 7.49 (4) .112
  Posttest –.03 .836 –.20 .141
  6-month Follow-up .20 .128 –.02 .561

Note. IPV = intimate partner violence. PR = caregiver report. CR = child report. IRR = incidence rate ratio.

1

Reference group is the baseline measurement. Bold = p < .05. IRR, closer to 1 represent smaller effects. Cohen’s d, small = .20, medium = .50, large = .80 (Cohen, 1992).