TABLE 3.
Characteristics of included studies on clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (Global, 2022–2024).
| Study | Country | Study design | Patients with liver disease (% with cirrhosis) | Age (years) | Controls | Vaccine, dose (number of vaccinated patients, %) | Follow-up time (days) after full-course vaccination | SARS-CoV2 infection | Hospitalization for COVID-19 | COVID-19 related death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John et al. [6] | United States | Retrospective cohort study | 20,037 patients with cirrhosis (84.3% CTP A, 15.1% CTP B, 0.6% CTP C) | Median 69.1 (IQR 64.9–73.3) | 20037 matched unvaccinated cirrhotic patients | mRNA vaccines (Pfizer/Moderna, 100%), 62.7% completed 2 doses | At least 7 days | 0.03% in vaccinated patients and 0.14% in unvaccinated patients | 0% in vaccinated patients and 0.02% in unvaccinated patients | 0% in vaccinated patients and 0.01% in unvaccinated patients |
| John et al. [23] | United States | Retrospective cohort study | 254 COVID-19 patients with cirrhosis (76.8% CTP A, 21.7% CTP B, 1.6% CTP C) | Median 63.8 (IQR 58.6–69.0) | 508 matched unvaccinated COVID-19 patients with cirrhosis | mRNA vaccines (Pfizer, 126, 49.6%; Moderna, 121, 47.6%), 2 doses; Viral vector (Johnson & Johnson, 7, 2.8%), 1 dose. 32.3% completed full-course vaccination | At least 14 days | Not available | Not available | 3.7% in vaccinated patients and 14.6% in unvaccinated patients |
| Moon et al. [22] | United States | Retrospective cohort study | 21 COVID-19 patients with CLD (51% CTP A, 29% CTP B, 5% CTP C) | Median 59.0 (Range 28.0–72.0) | 225 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients with CLD, median age 59.0 | mRNA (Pfizer, 4, 19.0%; Moderna, 1, 4.8%), 2 doses; Inactivated (Bharat Biotech, 2, 9.5%; Sinovac, 1, 4.8%), 2 doses; Viral vector (Oxford-AZ, 12, 57.1%), 2 doses; Viral vector (Cansino, 1, 4.8%), 1 dose. 42.9% completed full-course vaccination | At least 14 days, median 21 days | Not available | 33.3% in vaccinated patients and 72.0% in unvaccinated patients | 0% in vaccinated patients and 8.0% in unvaccinated patients |
| Ivashkin et al. [39] | Russia | Retrospective cohort study | 89 patients with cirrhosis (58.4% CTP A and 41.6% CTP B/C) | Median 59 (IQR 48–68) | 148 matched unvaccinated cirrhotic patients | Viral vector: Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), 2 doses | At least 17 days | 4.49% in vaccinated patients and 16.21% in unvaccinated patients | 0% in vaccinated patients and 8.10% in unvaccinated patients | 0% in vaccinated patients and 6.76% in unvaccinated patients |