Figure 5.

Metabolic alterations in the spermatozoa of inducible G3PP KO mice. A. Reduced glycerol release in the supernatant of sperm isolated from the caudal epididymis of icG3PP-KO mice. Results are from 2 independent experiments, measured in duplicate from two different pools of TMX-treated G3PP^flox/flox (Flox-TMX) (total n = 6) and KO (Flox-ERT2Cre-TMX) (total n = 8) mice. Sperm were incubated in modified non-capacitated BWW medium with 5.6 mM glucose alone (5.6G), 5.6 mM glucose supplemented with 5 mM fructose (5.6G+5F), or 25 mM glucose (25G) for 1 h. B-Z. Levels of various metabolites including glycerol-3-phosphate (Glycerol-3-P; B), DHAP (C), NAD (D), NADH (E), NADP (F), NADPH (G), ATP (H), ADP (I), AMP (J), Adenosine (K), cAMP (L), GTP (M), GDP (N), GMP (O), Reduced glutathione (GSH; P), Oxidized glutathione (GSSG; Q), Glutamate (R), Glutamine (S), Arginine (T), Aspartate (U), Leucine (V), Acetyl-CoA (W), Succinate (×), Isocitrate (Y), and Malate (Z). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Metabolite levels were analyzed by unpaired two-tailed t-test with Welch's correction (∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.001).