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. 2024 Nov 21;15:1394617. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1394617

Table 3.

A comparison of the present study with earlier research regarding the different methods employed to extract and purify C-PC from various cyanobacteria.

Strain Extraction Purification method References
Method C-PC concentration (mg mL−1) C-PC purity ratio Yield (mg C-PC g DCW−1) Method C-PC concentration (mg mL−1) C-PC purity ratio Yield (mg C-PC g DCW−1)
Desertifilum tharense UAM-C/S02 repeated FT 0.822 1.40 86.46 Two-step ASP+ Dialysis 0.576 3.83 ND Hernández Martínez et al. (2023)
Synechocystis sp. BB ND 1.15 182.4 AEC ND 4.84 16.9 Avci and Haznedaroglu (2022)
Phormidium sp. FT ND 0.55 48.1 ASP ND 1.75 33.0 Avci and Haznedaroglu (2022)
Euryhalinema sp. Ultrasonication + FT ND 0.76 15.02 ASP + Sephadex-G25 + DEAE-Sephadex ND 4.1 ND Khazi et al. (2021)
Leptolyngbya sp. MP + three cycles of FT 0.038 0.36 ND Three-stage ASP + AEC 0.092 3.5 ND Prabha et al. (2023)
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 High pressure homogenisation ND 1.25 75.3 Two-step ASP + heat-treatment ND 2.9 ND Puzorjov et al. (2022)
Spirulina sp. The enzyme treatment 0.081 0.93 ND ASP + Dialysis + DEAE column chromatography 0.545 5.02 ND Mahendran et al. (2022)
Arthrospira platensis [EMIM][EtSO4] ionic liquid + sonication ND 0.54 76.6 dialysis + precipitation ND 3.5 48.9 Sánchez-Laso et al. (2023)
Spirulina 3 cycles of FT ND 0.77 217.18 - - - - Chentir et al. (2018)
Spirulina 4 cycles of FT ND 0.66 73.73 - - - - Tavanandi et al. (2018)
Spirulina Soaked in potassium phosphate buffer ND 0.93 17.2 chitosan + activated charcoal + chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A-25 ND 4.30 ND Liao et al. (2011)
Cyanobium sp. MMK01 1 cycles of FT 6.5 1.86 225 Two-step ASP 3.85 4.04 120 This study
Cyanobium sp. MMK01 1 cycles of FT 6.5 1.86 225 Two-step ASP +IEC 0.34 5.82 6.8 This study

FT, Freeze/thaw Cycles; BB, Bead-beating; MP, mortar and pestle; ASP, ammonium sulfate precipitation; AEC, Anion-exchange chromatography; IEC, ion exchange chromatography; DEAE, diethyl aminoethyl; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography. ND: Not determined. *Phycocyanin purity index: A615-620/A280 > 0.7—food grade; >1.5—cosmetic grade, >3.9—reagent grade, >4.0—analytical grade.