Table 1.
Deaths and age-standardized death rates of high BMI in 1990 and 2021 and the temporal trend of age-standardized death rates from 1990 to 2021.
| 1990 |
2021 |
Relative change in age-standardized death rate, 1990–2021 (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. death cases (95% UI) | Age-standardized death rates per 100,000 (95% UI) | No. death cases (95% UI) | Age-standardized death rates per 100,000 (95% UI) | ||
| Global | 1,459,533 (723,043–2,287,052) | 40.90 (19.87–64.16) | 3,709,063 (1,847,840–5,658,334) | 44.23 (22.01–67.64) | 0.08 (0.01–0.15) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 828,147 (407,103–1,302,480) | 41.57 (20.18–65.25) | 2,013,089 (979,000–3,076,045) | 43.26 (21.08–66.05) | 0.04 (−0.03 to 0.12) |
| Male | 631,386 (315,453–988,214) | 39.03 (19.35–60.80) | 1,695,974 (861,972–2,635,343) | 44.90 (23.01–70.17) | 0.15 (0.06–0.23) |
| SDI | |||||
| Low SDI | 70,040 (42,195–110,220) | 32.89 (20.11–51.01) | 204,362 (114,078–318,520) | 43.22 (24.93–66.40) | 0.31 (0.14–0.50) |
| Low-middle SDI | 177,919 (100,108–281,095) | 31.91 (18.22–49.61) | 671,617 (349,426–1,011,204) | 49.59 (26.29–74.99) | 0.55 (0.35–0.74) |
| Middle SDI | 306,277 (185,062–452,734) | 33.78 (20.37–50.30) | 1,126,388 (581,131–1,700,642) | 44.80 (23.60–67.57) | 0.33 (0.10–0.46) |
| High-middle SDI | 430,095 (194,645–685,431) | 48.62 (22.28–77.66) | 904,396 (417,515–1,428,690) | 46.71 (21.70–73.63) | −0.04 (−0.12 to 0.05) |
| High SDI | 472,370 (199,898–767,235) | 43.07 (18.21–69.90) | 797,416 (368,146–1,253,107) | 35.13 (16.59–54.47) | −0.18 (−0.24 to −0.07) |
| Causes | |||||
| Cardiovascular diseases | 863,066 (477,898–1,316,551) | 24.43 (13.63–37.3) | 1,904,239 (1,072,732–2,864,242) | 22.77 (12.87–34.24) | −0.07 (−0.14 to 0.02) |
| Chronic respiratory diseases | 38,041 (16,523–59,933) | 1.00 (0.43–1.58) | 62,363 (26,317–100,543) | 0.74 (0.31–1.19) | −0.26 (−0.35 to −0.14) |
| Diabetes and kidney diseases | 330,122 (170,826–489,762) | 9.01 (4.53–13.57) | 1,142,121 (602,169–1,666,047) | 13.51 (7.14–19.81) | 0.50 (0.39–0.64) |
| Digestive diseases | 21,103 (4725–35,436) | 0.63 (0.14–1.06) | 46,716 (10,268–79,844) | 0.58 (0.13–0.98) | −0.09 (−0.19 to 0.12) |
| Neoplasms | 137,353 (57,450–225,297) | 3.66 (1.51–6.03) | 356,738 (146,116–581,012) | 4.18 (1.71–6.8) | 0.14 (0.07–0.20) |
| Neurological disorders | 31,577 (−1617 to 142,814) | 1.22 (−0.07 to 5.43) | 139,439 (−21,838 to 580,290) | 1.79 (−0.27 to 7.44) | 0.47 (−0.47 to 2.67) |
| Respiratory infections and tuberculosis | 38,272 (8106–107,542) | 0.94 (0.20–2.62) | 57,447 (12,864–150,517) | 0.67 (0.15–1.75) | −0.29 (−0.40 to −0.08) |
| Regions | |||||
| Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania | 209,280 (133,212–314,962) | 21.31 (13.51–31.76) | 843,126 (434,145–1,321,468) | 32.18 (16.72–50.06) | 0.51 (0.03–0.87) |
| Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia | 313,169 (127,541–516,522) | 70.50 (28.19–116.6) | 482,197 (206,766–766,422) | 73.46 (31.57–116.87) | 0.04 (−0.06 to 0.18) |
| High-income | 495,925 (211,655–800,301) | 41.52 (17.71–67.04) | 815,587 (370,336–1,288,209) | 33.19 (15.69–51.55) | −0.20 (−0.25 to −0.09) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 121,529 (62,408–183,615) | 58.07 (30.04–87.81) | 390,581 (200,873–593,116) | 63.83 (32.60–97.11) | 0.10 (0.01–0.19) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 139,628 (80,646–204,715) | 94.42 (54.85–138.13) | 444,512 (248,383–651,458) | 111.09 (62.99–165.05) | 0.18 (0.05–0.30) |
| South Asia | 91,954 (46,062–155,163) | 16.58 (8.74–27.79) | 448,678 (214,705–698,248) | 31.70 (15.44–49.7) | 0.91 (0.56–1.33) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 88,048 (53,414–136,421) | 45.76 (27.18–70.37) | 284,382 (160,256–427,513) | 67.34 (38.78–102.13) | 0.47 (0.29–0.66) |
| World Bank Regions | 825,830 (405,994–1,298,931) | 24.19 (11.59–37.98) | 3,701,337 (1,843,736–5,646,169) | 44.19 (21.98–67.58) | 0.83 (0.72–0.97) |
| WHO region | 1,448,757 (717,769–2,270,841) | 40.84 (19.84–64.08) | 3,684,012 (1,835,234–5,618,806) | 44.25 (22.01–67.65) | 0.08 (0.01–0.15) |
| European Union | 300,328 (130,095–482,020) | 50.23 (21.68–80.72) | 419,910 (198,142–672,566) | 37.28 (17.88–59.34) | −0.26 (−0.32 to −0.15) |
| League of Arab States | 93,700 (54,474–138,019) | 101.80 (58.54–149.61) | 314,703 (177,705–467,749) | 130.76 (75.14–195.39) | 0.28 (0.11–0.45) |
| Commonwealth | 221,787 (107,464–356,741) | 28.87 (14.05–46.35) | 741,090 (356,775–1,136,519) | 38.31 (18.41–59.14) | 0.33 (0.20–0.48) |
| OECD Countries | 608,719 (263,354–978,455) | 45.88 (19.90–73.72) | 1,077,196 (511,582–1,688,391) | 39.26 (19.08–60.51) | −0.14 (−0.20 to −0.02) |
| G20 | 1,045,845 (498,668–1,651,416) | 38.33 (17.91–60.41) | 2,508,139 (1,216,695–3,877,430) | 38.98 (18.96–60.30) | 0.02 (−0.05 to 0.09) |
| African Union | 151,517 (90,193–228,330) | 60.15 (35.72–89.11) | 491,144 (275,282–731,417) | 86.48 (49.45–129.8) | 0.44 (0.26–0.60) |
| Four World Regions | 1,453,713 (720,260–2,278,004) | 40.82 (19.84–64.04) | 3,698,546 (1,842,234–5,642,121) | 44.19 (21.98–67.58) | 0.08 (0.01–0.15) |
| World Bank Income Levels | 1,456,672 (721,695–2,282,563) | 40.86 (19.86–64.11) | 3,704,134 (1,845,217–5,650,715) | 44.21 (21.99–67.61) | 0.08 (0.01–0.15) |
| Nordic Region | 14,360 (5312–23,981) | 37.09 (13.88–61.66) | 16,769 (7097–27,654) | 25.05 (10.77–41.28) | −0.32 (−0.39 to −0.16) |
| Organization of Islamic Cooperation | 244,516 (137,488–372,008) | 52.41 (29.85–78.55) | 806,667 (439,001–1,198,877) | 71.57 (39.42–107.21) | 0.37 (0.24–0.49) |
| Association of Southeast Asian Nations | 53,733 (32,894–83,980) | 21.96 (13.48–33.99) | 222,760 (118,705–342,708) | 35.86 (19.44–55.15) | 0.63 (0.37–0.88) |
| Gulf Cooperation Council | 7520 (3992–11,670) | 105.29 (56.86–163.13) | 35,910 (20,177–51,894) | 137.46 (76.71–201.14) | 0.31 (0.07–0.63) |
| Sahel Region | 28,578 (16,831–44,670) | 48.03 (28.28–74.92) | 80,107 (44,088–123,263) | 62.89 (34.89–96.41) | 0.31 (0.10–0.56) |
| Health System Grouping Levels | 1,456,701 (721,713–2,282,604) | 40.86 (19.86–64.11) | 3,704,180 (1,845,244–5,650,779) | 44.21 (22–67.61) | 0.08 (0.01–0.15) |
Abbreviations: BMI, high body mass index; CI, confidence interval; SDI, Socio-demographic Index; UI, uncertainty intervals.