Extended Data Table 1.

Comparison of CLOUD experimental conditions with the ambient conditions during CAFE-Brazil research flight RF 19, periods T4 and T9 (Curtius et al.¹³)

The times of the CB flights are in local time. *Only CLOUD experiments with added NO_x. ^†The definitions of IP_0N and IP_1-2N in the CB study refer to the measurement of the NO₃⁻ chemical ionization alone, whereas the CLOUD results refer to measurements using the combination of NO₃⁻, Br⁻ and NH₄⁺ chemical-ionization methods. ^‡Only CLOUD experiments with H₂SO₄. ^§The CLOUD limit-of-detection (LOD) for H₂SO₄ is 2 × 10⁴ cm⁻³. ^||The CB LOD for H₂SO₄ is 2 × 10⁶ cm⁻³ at altitudes above 8 km. ^¶Only experiments with HIO₃. ^#The CLOUD LOD for NO is 2 × 10⁸ cm⁻³. ^☆Using equation 7 in ref. ³⁵. ^**Using equations 1–4 in ref. ³⁵.