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. 2024 Dec 4;636(8041):124–130. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-08192-4

Fig. 3. Molecular composition detected with the CI-APi-TOF mass spectrometer during the strongest NPF event of RF 19 (T9, 10:06–10:10 local time).

Fig. 3

a, Mass defect versus mass-to-charge ratio with labelling of the molecular composition for prominent peaks. For clarity, the nitrate reagent ion (NO3−, m/z = 62) has been omitted from all labels. Circle size indicates peak intensity and colour indicates isoprene oxidation products without a nitrate group (IP0N, green), mononitrates (IP1N, magenta), dinitrates (IP2N, blue) and MSA signals (orange). b, Saturation vapour pressure C* of isoprene and its oxidation products as calculated with the SIMPOL model49. The compounds C5H12O6, C5H11O4(ONO2) and C5H10O2(ONO2)2 are ELVOCs at −58 °C. c, Reaction scheme leading to the formation of C5H12O6, C5H11O4(ONO2) and C5H10O2(ONO2)2. The molecular structures shown are exemplary. IVOCs, intermediate-volatility organic compounds; LVOCs, low-volatility organic compounds; SVOCs, semivolatile organic compounds.

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