Extended Data Fig. 3. Heart rate and body temperature relative to the initial migratory departure.

a, Mean heart rate and b, body temperature in 30-minute intervals over 2 consecutive hours with 95% confidence interval bands for migrants and residents relative to the initial migratory departure of the migrants. Data of resident birds have been individually aligned to birds of the same sex and at the same date and time. The light blue periods mark night-time for all fall migrants, orange periods mark daytime, and light grey periods in between are estimated dusk and dawn phases, depending on the exact departure date. c, Comparison of mean predicted heart rate and (d) mean body temperature via linear mixed model between migrants and residents with 95% confidence interval bars. Significant differences, derived from a linear mixed model and Bonferroni corrected (see Supplementary Data Table 1 and Supplementary Results) are indicated by asterisks: *** = p < 0.001, ** = p < 0.01, * = p < 0.05, and ‘n.s.’ = p > 0.05. Analysed data include only active flight periods during migration nights from initial departure up to final arrival returning at the breeding site.