Table 1.
Scales included in the COVAD-3 survey
| Description | Scale | No. of items | Domain/Theme | Scaling |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of comorbidities | Functional Comorbidity Index [22] | 18 | Rheumatic/orthopedic comorbid, Cardiovascular comorbid, Respiratory comorbid, Neurological comorbid, Endocrine comorbid, Gastrointestinal comorbid, Psychiatric comorbid, Visual/auditory comorbid | Multiple responses |
| Subjective well-being | Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) [23] | 5 | N.A | 7-point Likert scale (1–7) |
| Current health status | PROMIS GLOBAL Health-10 [14] | 10 | Physical health, Mental health, Social health | Semantic differential scale (1–5) |
| Fatigue | Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) [39] | 1 | N.A | Semantic differential scale (0–10) |
| Pain | Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) [42] | 1 | N.A | Semantic differential scale (0–10) |
| Physical function | PROMIS PF-4a [14] | 4 | N.A | Semantic differential scale (1–5) |
| Self-Efficacy | Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale [24,25] | 6 |
Symptom control, Role function, Emotional functioning, Communicating with clinicians |
Semantic differential scale (1–10) |
| Disease activity | Patient Global Disease Activity scale [37,38] | 1 | Effect of autoimmune/rheumatic disease on patient | Semantic differential scale (0–10) |
| Damage Assessment | Patient Global Damage Assessment Scale [37,38] | 1 | Damage caused by autoimmune/rheumatic disease on the patient's body | Semantic differential scale (0–10 |
| Trust in health insurance | Patient trust in a health insurer scale [30] | 5 | N.A | 5-point Likert scale (1–5) |
| Family functionality | Family APGAR scale [27] | 5 | Adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve | Semantic differential scale (0–3) |
| Job satisfaction | Short Index of Job Satisfaction [28] | 6 | N.A | 5-point Likert scale (1–5) |
| Loneliness | UCLA 3-Item Loneliness Scale [26] | 3 | Companionship and isolation | Semantic differential scale (1–3) |
| Resilience | Brief Resilience Scale [40] | 6 | N.A | 5-point Likert scale (1–5) |
| Sexual Well-being | Short Sexual Well-being Scale (SSWBS) [31] | 5 | Frequency, sexual distress, physical sexual satisfaction, emotional sexual satisfaction, and sexuality in the social sphere | 7-point Likert scale (1–7) |
| Diet | Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire [32] | 14 | N.A |
1. Yes/no question 2. Multiple choice questions |
| Knowledge of, attitudes toward, and use of health-related information | Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 6) [29] | 14 | Looking for health information, using the Internet to find information, your healthcare, telehealth, medical records, caregiving, genetic testing, overall health, environment and health, social determinants of health, health and nutrition, physical activity and exercise, tobacco products, and you and your household | Multiple mixed scale type |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis activity |
Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) [18] |
6 | Fatigue/tiredness, pain, discomfort and morning stiffness | Semantic differential scale (0–10) |
| Psoriatic arthritis disease activity | The EULAR Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease: PsAID12 for Clinical Practice [20] | 12 | Pain, fatigue, skin problems, work and/or leisure activity, functional capacity, discomfort, sleep disturbance, coping, anxiety, fear and uncertainty, embarrassment and/or shame, social participation, and depression | Semantic differential scale (0–10) |
|
Sjogren syndrome disease activity |
EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) [19] |
3 | Dryness, limb pain, and fatigue | Semantic differential scale (0–10) |
| Functional scale for myasthenia gravis | Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living [41] | 8 | Talking, chewing, swallowing, breathing, brushing teeth or hair, arising from chair, double vision, and eyelid drooping | Multiple mixed scale type |