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. 2024 Dec 5;10:184. doi: 10.1038/s41378-024-00817-y

Fig. 3. Intracellular-like supra- and sub-threshold recordings obtained from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal networks (iNeurons) using NEAs.

Fig. 3

a Schematic showing coating protocol for seeding iPSC neurons on NEAs, as well as inset with schematic of targeted ion channels during pharmacological interrogation. Created in BioRender. Lab, B. (2023) B. b Brightfield image of iPSC neuronal network on top of NEA. c Representative 200s-long trace showing spontaneous intracellular-like signals from a single channel (n = 4 separate seeding experiments with 3 devices per seeding round). d Zoomed-in trace showing representative supra-threshold “action potentials” and sub-threshold potentials. e Frequency spectrogram used to validate intracellular-like signals and discern supra- (>100 Hz) and sub-threshold potentials (<100 Hz). Recording before (f), and after (g) glutamate addition to the media (n = 2 devices). h Histogram summarizing all collected iPSC neuron spikes, showing putative quantization of subthreshold potentials (N = 295). i Box and whisker plots showing slight increase in duration of hyperexcitable iNeuron genotype when comparing (j) wildtype, (k) and Fragile X mutated iNeurons