Table. Participant Characteristics.
| Variable | Total study sample, No. (%) (N = 1749) | Analyzed sample, No. (%) (N = 1634) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 5-7 y (n = 513) | Age 8-12 y (n = 1234) | Age 5-7 y (n = 477) | Age 8-12 y (n = 1157) | |||
| Nonsport or fall (n = 270) | Sports and recreation (n = 207) | Nonsport or fall (n = 367) | Sports and recreation (n = 790) | |||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 6.57 (0.85) | 10.68 (1.40) | 6.54 (0.83) | 6.68 (0.84) | 10.54 (1.35) | 10.77 (1.40) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 320 (62.4) | 806 (65.3) | 157 (58.1) | 142 (68.6) | 214 (58.3) | 547 (69.2) |
| Female | 193 (37.6) | 428 (34.7) | 113 (41.9) | 65 (31.4) | 153 (41.7) | 243 (30.8) |
| Time from concussion to triage, mean (SD), h | 6 (9) | 8 (12) | 7 (9) | 6 (9) | 8 (13) | 8 (11) |
| Sport classificationa | ||||||
| Noncontact | 411 (80.1) | 583 (47.2) | 270 (100) | 111 (53.6) | 367 (100) | 176 (22.3) |
| Limited contact or impact | 46 (9.0) | 246 (19.9) | 0 | 44 (21.3) | 0 | 229 (29.0) |
| Contact or collision | 54 (10.5) | 399 (32.3) | 0 | 52 (25.1) | 0 | 385 (48.7) |
| Prior concussion and symptom duration | ||||||
| No prior concussion (symptom duration <1 wk) | 496 (96.7) | 1141 (92.5) | 262 (97.0) | 201 (97.1) | 339 (92.4) | 736 (93.2) |
| Prior concussion (symptom duration ≥1 wk) | 14 (2.7) | 89 (7.2) | 8 (3.0) | 6 (2.9) | 28 (7.6) | 54 (6.8) |
| Personal history of migraine | 24 (4.7) | 125 (10.1) | 13 (4.8) | 10 (4.8) | 42 (11.4) | 76 (9.6) |
| History of learning disability | 21 (4.1) | 96 (7.8) | 9 (3.3) | 9 (4.3) | 31 (8.4) | 57 (7.2) |
| History of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | 26 (5.1) | 111 (9.1) | 8 (3.0) | 14 (6.8) | 32 (8.7) | 71 (9.0) |
| History of anxiety | 12 (2.3) | 80 (6.5) | 4 (1.5) | 7 (3.4) | 27 (7.4) | 49 (6.2) |
| History of depression | 0 | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | 4 (1.1) | 9 (1.1) |
| Loss of consciousness duration, mean (SD), min | 0.08 (0.51) | 0.11 (0.62) | 0.03 (0.17) | 0.16 (0.76) | 0.18 (0.84) | 0.08 (0.50) |
| Seizure following injury | 10 (2.0) | 23 (1.9) | 4 (1.5) | 5 (2.4) | 6 (1.6) | 14 (1.8) |
| Acute Concussion Evaluation | ||||||
| Appears dazed and confused | 193 (37.6) | 23 (1.9) | 102 (37.8) | 81 (39.1) | 162 (44.1) | 390 (49.4) |
| Answers questions slowly | 179 (34.9) | 584 (47.3) | 94 (34.8) | 71 (34.3) | 138 (37.6) | 328 (41.5) |
| Repeats questions | 57 (11.1) | 500 (40.5) | 29 (10.7) | 24 (11.5) | 42 (11.4) | 92 (11.6) |
| Forgetful of recent information | 84 (16.4) | 146 (11.8) | 47 (17.4) | 30 (14.5) | 71 (19.3) | 140 (17.7) |
| Wore helmet | 26 (5.1) | 225 (18.2) | 0 | 26 (12.5) | 0 | 320 (40.5) |
| Wore mouthguard | 10 (2.0) | 151 (12.2) | 0 | 10 (4.8) | 0 | 145 (18.4) |
| No. of school days missed over past 6 mo for any reason | ||||||
| 0 | 116 (22.6) | 227 (18.4) | 62 (22.9) | 47 (22.7) | 80 (21.8) | 136 (17.2) |
| 1-2 | 193 (37.6) | 441 (35.7) | 105 (38.9) | 77 (37.2) | 108 (29.4) | 270 (34.1) |
| 3-6 | 122 (23.8) | 365 (29.6) | 58 (21.5) | 57 (27.5) | 101 (27.5) | 254 (32.2) |
| ≥7 | 76 (14.8) | 225 (18.2) | 45 (16.7) | 26 (12.6) | 78 (21.2) | 130 (16.5) |
| Child-SCAT3 cognitive score (total), mean (SD) | 18.6 (6.0) | 24.9 (3.4) | 18.5 (6.1) | 19.1 (5.6) | 24.7 (3.6) | 25.0 (3.2) |
| BESS tandem stance No. of errors, mean (SD) | 4.8 (3.8) | 3.8 (3.6) | 5.0 (3.8) | 4.6 (3.7) | 4.0 (3.7) | 3.8 (3.6) |
| Normal neck range, No./total No. (%) | 420/442 (95.0) | 1048/1078 (97.2) | 228/240 (95.0) | 163/173 (94.2) | 316/321 (88.4) | 676/696 (97.1) |
| Tenderness of neck, No./total No. (%) | 46/440 (10.5) | 211/1076 (19.6) | 22/239 (9.2) | 20/173 (11.6) | 51/322 (15.8) | 147/695 (21.2) |
Abbreviations: BESS, Balance Error Scoring System; SCAT3, Sport Concussion Assessment Test-3.
a
Per the American Academy of Pediatrics classification.