Table. Monitored Populations by Pollutant.
| Monitored for | No. (%) | Participants, median (IQR), % | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | American Indian or Alaska Native | Asiana | Black or African Americana | Hispanic or Latino | Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera | Two or more racesa | White, mediana | Some other racea | ||
| Ozone | ||||||||||
| No | 15 230 (6.4) | 1141 (818-1591) | 0 (0-0.1) | 0 (0-1.8) | 0.39 (0-7.4) | 6.0 (1.0-23.2) | 0 (0-0) | 1.3 (0-4.1) | 74.3 (41.8-90.0) | 0 (0-0) |
| Yes | 222 401 (93.6) | 1263 (890-1754) | 0 (0-0) | 0.6 (0-5.2) | 2.6 (0-14.2) | 6.9 (1.3-22.1) | 0 (0-0) | 1.6 (0-4.3) | 69.5 (36.7-88.5) | 0 (0-0) |
| P value | NA | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | 0.09 | <.001 | 0.04 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Nitrogen dioxide | ||||||||||
| No | 104 410 (43.9) | 1189 (835-1661) | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-1.9) | 2.0 (0-14.3) | 4.2 (0.4-13.6) | 0 (0-0) | 1.4 (0-4.1) | 78.5 (52.6-91.9) | 0 (0-0) |
| Yes | 133 221 (56.1) | 1306 (927-1802) | 0-(0-0) | 1.7 (0-8.2) | 2.7 (0-13.3) | 10.1 (2.3-30.4) | 0 (0-0) | 1.7 (0-4.5) | 61.1 (26.9-84.3) | 0.4 (1.8) |
| P value | NA | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Lead | ||||||||||
| No | 222 686 (93.7) | 1254 (883-1744) | 0 (0-0) | 0.4 (0-4.4) | 2.3 (0-13.8) | 6.4 (1.2-20.7) | 0 (0-0) | 1.55 (0-4.29) | 71.5 (39.8-89.2) | 0 (0-0) |
| Yes | 14 945 (6.3) | 1261 (902-1724) | 0 (0-0) | 4.2 (0-15.3) | 2.9 (0-12.9) | 18.4 (4.9-50.8) | 0 (0-0) | 1.8 (0-4.7) | 38.7 (10.6-69.3) | 0 (0-0) |
| P value | NA | 0.22 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Carbon monoxide | ||||||||||
| No | 136 834 (57.6) | 1237 (863-1741) | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-2.9) | 2.4 (0-14.8) | 6.0 (1.0-20.0) | 0 (0-0) | 1.4 (0-4.1) | 72.7 (42.3-89.5) | 0 (0-0) |
| Yes | 100 797 (42.4) | 1277 (914-1745) | 0 (0-0) | 1.7 (0-8.7) | 2.4 (0-12.5) | 8.2 (1.8-25.3) | 0 (0-0) | 1.78 (0-4.6) | 65.4 (30.2-87.1) | 0 (0-0) |
| P value | NA | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | 0.093 | <.001 | 0.036 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Sulfur dioxide | ||||||||||
| No | 107 832 (45.4) | 1252 (872-1763) | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-2.9) | 2.0 (0-13.3) | 7.3 (1.4-24.0) | 0 (0-0) | 1.4 (0-4.1) | 71.2 (39.3-88.9) | 0 (0-0) |
| Yes | 129 799 (54.6) | 1258 (895-1728) | 0 (0-0) | 1.2 (0-7.2) | 2.7 (0-14.1) | 6.6 (1.2-20.7) | 0 (0-0) | 1.7 (0-4.5) | 68.7 (35.1-88.4) | 0 (0-0) |
| P value | NA | 0.25 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Particulate matter | ||||||||||
| No | 33 625 (14.2) | 1248 (874-1749) | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-2.69) | 1.5 (0-11.6) | 5.9 (1-18.8) | 0 (0-0) | 1.6 (0-4.3) | 74.2 (46.0-89.9) | 0 (0-0) |
| Yes | 204 006 (85.8) | 1256 (886-1742) | 0 (0-0) | 0.7 (0-5.4) | 2.5 (0-14.1) | 7.0 (1.3-22.8) | 0 (0-0) | 1.6 (0-4.3) | 69.1 (35.3-88.4) | 0 (0-0) |
| P value | NA | 0.14 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | 0.78 | <.001 | 0 |
a
All racial groups were collected as non-Hispanic or Latino. Comparisons were made between columns by pollutant (eg, ozone = no vs ozone = yes), with P values reported for 2-sided Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Analyses were performed with log transformations of racial and ethnic composition.