Table 1:
Characteristics of patients with granulomatous interstitial nephritis with and without hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis
| Features | Total (N = 33) | GIN (N = 14) | Isolated Hypercalcemia (N = 13) | GIN and hypercalcemia (N = 6) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 50.6 ± 12.6 | 44.2 ± 13.5 | 54.3 ± 9.9 | 57.6 ± 10.1 | 0.03 |
| Gender | 0.03 | ||||
| Male | 19 (57.6%) | 8 (57.1%) | 6 (46.1%) | 5 (83.3%) | |
| Female | 14 (42.4%) | 6 (42.9%) | 7 (53.9%) | 1 (16.7%) | |
| Symptoms | |||||
| Weight loss | 27 (81.8%) | 13 (92.9%) | 9 (69.2%) | 5 (83.3%) | 0.28 |
| Fever | 25 (75.8%) | 12 (85.7%) | 10 (76.9%) | 3 (50%) | 0.45 |
| Vomiting | 21 (63.6%) | 4 (28.6%) | 11 (84.6%) | 6 (100%) | 0.04 |
| Dry cough | 15 (45.4%) | 6 (42.9%) | 6 (46.2%) | 3 (50%) | 0.34 |
| Oliguria | 8 (24.2%) | 2 (14.3%) | 4 (30.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | 0.65 |
| Renal stone | 5 (15.1%) | 2 (6.1%) | 3 (9.1%) | 0 | 0.32 |
| Asymptomatic | 5 (15.1%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.89 |
| ACE level | 0.64 | ||||
| Increased | 27 (81.8%) | 10 (71.4%) | 13 (100%) | 4 (66.7%) | |
| Normal | 4 (12.1%) | 2 (14.2%) | 0 | 2 (33.3%) | |
| Not done | 2 (6.1%) | 2 (14.2%) | 0 | 0 | |
| 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 | 0.69 | ||||
| Not done | 14 (42.4%) | 4 (28.6%) | 7 (53.9%) | 3 (50%) | |
| Increased | 15 (45.5%) | 8 (57.1%) | 5 (38.5%) | 2 (33.3%) | |
| Normal | 4 (12.1%) | 2 (14.3%) | 1 (7.7%) | 1 (16.7%) | |
| Mean creatinine (mg/dl) at | |||||
| Admission | 4.3 ± 2.1 | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 2.4 | 0.04 |
| 1 month | 3.3 ± 1.6 | 3.1 ± 1.5 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 4.6 ± 1.9 | 0.01 |
| 3 months | 2.5 ± 1.8 | 2.6 ± 2.1 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 1.6 | 0.19 |
| Last follow up | 1.9 ± 1.5 | 2.1 ± 1.7 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 1.3 | 0.25 |
| Mean 24-h urine protein (g/day) at | |||||
| Admission | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 0.52 |
| 3 months | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.57 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.1 ± 2.1 | 8.9 ± 2.1 | 10.1 ± 2.7 | 9.7 ± 2.3 | 0.35 |
| Mean serum calcium (mg/dL) | 9.8 ± 2.1 | 9.3 ± 1.3 | 11.4 ± 1.7 | 13.9 ± 3.4 | 0.04 |
| Dialysis requirement (at admission) | 3 (9.1%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0 | 2 (33.3%) | 0.33 |
| Treatment Prednisolone* | 33 (100%) | 14 (100%) | 13 (100%) | 6 (100%) | |
| Steroid sparing agent | |||||
| Azathioprine | 30 (90.9%) | 13 (92.8%) | 12 (92.3%) | 5 (83.3%) | 0.46 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 3 (9.1%) | 1 (7.1%) | 1 (7.7%) | 1 (16.7%) | |
| Renal recovery | 0.76 | ||||
| Yes | 30 (90.9%) | 12 (85.7%) | 13 (100%) | 5 (83.3%) | |
| No | 3 (9.1%) | 2 (14.3%) | 0 | 1 (16.7%) | |
| Residual renal damage (at the end of 3 months) | 0.43 | ||||
| Yes | 18 (54.5%) | 8 (57.1%) | 6 (46.1%) | 4 (66.6%) | |
| No | 15 (45.4%) | 6 (42.9%) | 7 (53.9%) | 2 (33.4%) | |
| Dialysis dependency (at last follow-up) | 2 (6.1%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0 | 1 (16.7%) | 0.24 |
| Patient status | |||||
| Live | 30 (90.9%) | 13 (92.8%) | 11 (84.6%) | 6 (100%) | 0.52 |
| Death | 3 (9.1%) | 1 (7.2%) | 2 (15.4%) | 0 |
*Prednisolone, at the dose of 1 mg/kg, was given to all patients, with tapering started at 1 month of therapy. ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme.