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. 2024 Nov 8;9(11):1047–1059. doi: 10.1530/EOR-23-0202

Table 5.

Classification of the bone cement implantation syndrome (15, 18, 19).

Grade Criteria
Grade 1 Moderate hypoxia (SpO2 <94%) or
Hypotension (drop of SBP >20%)
Grade 2 Severe hypoxia (SpO2 <88%) or
Hypotension (drop of SBP >40%) or
Unexpected loss of consciousness
Grade 3 Cardiovascular collapse requiring CPR