Table 4.
Action plan to address fungal contamination.
| N° | Description of the measure | Institutions responsible for executing the proposals in Peru |
|---|---|---|
| A. Emission source management: Minimize the concentration of aerofungal organisms originating from final disposal infrastructures, informal recyclers, and solid waste operating companies. | ||
| 1 | Establish air quality standards for biological contaminants (biological parameters for solid waste infrastructures such as landfills, secure landfills, composting plants, recycling facilities, and incineration plants). | MINSA - MINAM |
| 2 | Incorporate an environmental management plan into the corrective environmental management instruments for solid waste infrastructures that includes specific measures to address the presence of biological contaminants in the air. | MINSA – MINAM |
| 3 | Enact an ordinance prohibiting the accumulation of non-hazardous waste in residential properties for commercial use. | Municipality of Ventanilla |
| 4 | Enact an ordinance establishing mandatory municipal waste segregation in the district of Ventanilla. | Municipality of Ventanilla |
| 5 | Enact an ordinance prohibiting informal occupation in areas influenced by final disposal infrastructures. | Municipality of Ventanilla |
| 6 | Introduce solid waste containers at critical points. | Municipality of Ventanilla |
| 7 | Implement the source segregation and selective collection programme for solid waste. | Municipality of Ventanilla |
| B. Capacity building: Increase the number of professionals in the public and private sectors with knowledge of aerofungal air quality management. | ||
| 1 | Enact an ordinance prohibiting solid waste operating companies from transporting waste in open-topped vehicles. | Municipality of Ventanilla MINAM |
| 2 | Inspect and ensure that operating companies have vehicles that prevent the emission of fungal particles into the air. | Regional Government of Callao |
| 3 | Include the emission of biological contaminants due to the lack of a closed cargo area in vehicle infractions. | SUTRAN |
| 4 | Train staff in the monitoring of fungal aerosols in educational, hospital, and residential areas. | MINAM – MINSA |
| C. Capacity building: Generate representative and comparable information on aerofungal air quality. | ||
| 1 | Raise awareness and provide training for residents, public and private organisations. | MINSA – Regional Government of Callao |
| 2 | Disseminate information about the effects of exposure to airborne fungal particles. | MINSA – Regional Government of Callao |
| 3 | Conduct health campaigns to detect diseases caused by airborne fungal microbes. | MINSA |
| 4 | Communicate health issues through an environmental health alert system. | Municipality of Ventanilla |
| 5 | Promote scientific research on airborne fungi. | National and private universities |
| D. Monitoring of meteorological variables and aerofungal microorganisms. | ||
| 1 | Implement a surveillance system with low-cost sensors for meteorological variables. | SENAMHI |
| 2 | Establish a technical standard on sampling methods for monitoring airborne fungal particles. | INACAL – MINSA – MINAM |
| 3 | Continuously monitor airborne fungi in special protection zones. | SENAMHI– MINSA – OEFA |
| E. Management of economic instruments: Establish economic mechanisms for emissions reduction. | ||
| 1 | Establish financial penalties for transport route infractions. | MEF – MINSA – MTC – Gobierno Regional del Callao |
| 2 | Establish financial penalties for infractions of solid waste environmental management instruments. | MEF – MINSA – MINAM – SENACE – Callao Regional Government |
| F. Management of public infrastructure: Improve the living conditions of the inhabitants. | ||
| 1 | Implement road paving infrastructure in high-traffic areas of the 18 de octubre settlement and Chillón Avenue, with emphasis on urban zones adjacent to the landfill site. | MVCS – MEF – Callao Regional Government - Municipality of Ventanilla |
| 2 | Implement green spaces in the 18 de octubre settlement and Chillón Avenue. | Callao Regional Government - Municipality of Ventanilla |
| 3 | Implement HEPA filtration systems and air purification in the educational facility. | MINEDU - Callao Regional Government - Municipality of Ventanilla |
| 4 | Establish vegetative barriers comprising locally-adapted species that demonstrate effective particulate matter retention and pollutant tolerance. | Landfill concessionaire company |
∗ MINSA: Ministerio de Salud, MINAM: Ministerio de Ambiente, SUTRAN: Superintendencia de Transporte Terrestre de Personas, Carga y Mercancías, SENAMHI: Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú, INACAL: Instituto Nacional de Calidad, OEFA: Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental, MINEDU: Ministerio de Educación, MEF: Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, MTC: Ministerio de Transporte y Comunicaciones, SENACE: Servicio Nacional de Certificación Ambiental para las Inversiones Sostenibles, MVCS: Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento