Table 2.
Experimental study on BA for anti-abortion.
| Study | Object of study | Dosage of BA | Intervention time | Modeling method | pregnancy diseases | Biological Processes∗ |
Related Outcomes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ① | ② | ③ | ④ | |||||||
| Tian, 2022 [25] | HTR-8/Svneo | 100 μmol/L | 48 h after drug intervention | 25 mmol/L glucose | gestational diabetes | + | LDH, SOD, cleared caspase3, Bax, miR NC, and miR 451 | |||
| Qiao, 2022 [26] |
BALB/c, CBA/J and DBA/2 mice | 25～100 mg/kg, OA | 1.0～14.0 dpc (14 days) | CBA/J × DBA/2 pregnant mice | RPL | + | RR, TNFα, IL14, IL10, CD4+/CD8+, IFN-γ, p-PI3K, p-AKT | |||
| Lai, 2022 [27] |
RSA patients BALB/c, CBA/J and DBA/2 mice |
25～100 mg/kg, OA | 0.5～12.5 dpc (12 days) | CBA/J × DBA/2 pregnant mice | RPL | + | RR, DC cells, HLA-DR/MHC-II, CD80, CD86, CD274, 33D1, SAT5-ID2, IL6, IL10, IL12, TGF-β | |||
| Li, 2021a [28] |
2-cell stage embryos of K-M mice | 4 mg/Ml, OA | 116 h post-hCG injection | 42 °C for 1 h at 112 h post-hCG injection | heat stress∗ | + | Blastocyst hatchability, c-fos, ERK1/2, AP-1, mtDNA, TFAM, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3), c-Jun | |||
| Li, 2021b [29] |
GDM patients HTR-8/Svneo |
0.5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 μM | 2 h | high-glucose (25 mmol/L) stimulation | GDM | + | + | + | Cell viability, proliferation, Apoptosis, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, miRNA-17-5p, Mfn1/2, NF-κB | |
| Lu, 2021 [30] |
SD gestation Rat | 5 mg/kg Tail vein injection |
1.0～10.0 dpc (10 days) | LPS (1.0 μg/kg) | SAB | + | RR, TNFα, IL1β, CD86, CD206, p-PI3K, p-AKT | |||
| Xu, 2021 [31] |
Wistar gestation Rat | 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally injection | 16.0～21.0 dpc (5 days) | Nitro L Arginine Methyl Ester (100 mg/kg) 13.0～21.0dpc |
PE | + | Tail artery blood pressure, 24 h urine protein level, Beclin 1, LC3-II and P62 | |||
| Wang, 2021 [32] |
SD gestation Rat Primary culture of PE rat trophoblasts | 25～100 μg/mL | 48 h after intervention with medicated serum | As above | PE | + | Cell morphology, Cell proliferation, cell invasiveness, GCM-1, miRNA-30d | |||
| Zhao, 2021 [33] |
HTR-8/Svneo HUVECs |
1, 5, 25 μM | 48 h after drug intervention | Ang II(20 μM) | HDCP | + | + | Cell proliferation, cell invasiveness, cell viability （HTR-8/SVneo and HUVECs）; cell apoptosis ROS, MMP2, MMP9, VEGF, LncRNA NEAT1, miR-205-5p, HIF-1α | ||
| Li, 2020 [34] |
In Vitro Fertilized Eggs of Pigs | 8 mg/L OA | Intervention for 48, 120 and 168 h respectively | No modeling | IVF-ET | + | Changes of cleavage rate, mulberry sac rate, blastocyst rate and NO expression in different time periods | |||
| Jiao, 2020 [35] |
BALB/c, CBA/J and DBA/2 mice | 0.4 mL/mg | 2.0～9.0 dpc (7 days) | CBA/J × DBA/2 pregnant mice | RSA | + | Macrophage (CD14), FSH, E2, PRL, TNF-α, IL-4, TLR4, NFκB, MyD88 | |||
| Yang, 2019 [36] |
BALB/c, CBA/J and DBA/2 mice | 0.4 mL/mg OA |
1.0～14.0 dpc (14 days) | CBA/J × DBA/2 pregnant mice | RSA | + | RR, CD4+, CD8+, IFN-γ, IL4, Th1, Th2 | |||
| Guo, 2019 [37] |
In Vitro Fertilized Eggs of Pigs (2–4 cell stage) | 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 μg/mL | Intervention for 44 h respectively | No modeling | IVF-ET | + | + | Apoptosis, oocyte quality, embryo competence in vitro, BAX，BMP 15, GDF9, CyclinB, CDK1， PTGS1/2, PTX3, TNFAIP6 and ΔΨm | ||
| Liang, 2018 [38] |
embryonated eggs HUVECs |
6 μM (chicken embryo); 40 mg/kg (mice) | Once every 3 days, 3 times in total | high-glucose (50 mM) stimulation | GDM | + | + | Apoptosis, Autophagy, SOD, GSH-Px, MQAE, GABAA, p62, | ||
| Liu, 2018 [39] |
HTR-8/SVneo cells | 0.0, 0.05, 0.1∗∗, and 0.5 μM | 24 h after drug intervention | No modeling | SAB | + | + | Cell Viability, Invasiveness MMP-2/MMP9, NF-Κb p65 | ||
| Hou, 2018 [40] |
JEG-3 trophoblast cells | 1.5625, 3.125, and 6.25μg/ml | 16 h after drug intervention | 8 h hypoxia and 16 h reoxygenation | PE | + | + | Cell apoptosis, cell vitality, cell invasiveness, CASP3, CASP9 | ||
| Ma, 2018a [41] |
K-M mice | 0.4 mL/mg OA |
4.0～9.0 dpc (5 days) | LPS (0.1 μg) | SAB | + | RR, TNF-α, IL-10 | |||
| Ma, 2018b [42] |
K-M mice | 0.4 mL/mg OA |
4.0～9.0 dpc (5 days) | LPS (0.1 μg) | SAB | + | IR, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, Th1/Th2 | |||
| Lai, 2016 [43] |
RSA patients BALB/c, CBA/J and DBA/2 mice |
25～100 mg/kg OA |
0.5～12.5 dpc (12 days) | CBA/J × DBA/2 pregnant mice | RSA | + | CD11c+，CD274/CD275，33D1、CD205，IL-10，pDC/cDC，MHC-II+ | |||
| Guan, 2016 [44] |
ICR mice | 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 mg/mL | 0.5～6.5 dpc (6 days) | Listeria spp (5 × 106/mL) | SAB | + | RR, IL-1β | |||
| Wang, 2016 [45] |
Wistar gestation Rat | 50, 100 mg/kg (I.h) | 16.0～21.0 dpc (5 days) | Nitro L Arginine Methyl Ester (100 mg/kg) 13.0～21.0dpc |
PE | + | + | Tail artery blood pressure, 24 h urine protein level, Mitochondrial morphology, angiogenesis, XIAP, CASP9 | ||
| Qi, 2016 [46] |
Mouse prokaryotic embryo | 2,4, and 8 μg/mL | 24 h after drug intervention | No modeling | SA | + | + | Dnmt3a, Dnmt1,GJA-1、CDH1、BCL-2, HSP70, BAX, CASP3 | ||
| Chen, 2014 [47] |
K-M mice | 40 mg/kg OA |
2.0～7.0 dpc (5 days) | Ru486 (3.33 mg/kg) | SA | + | RR, number of implanted blastocysts, β-catenin, LRP6, DKK1 and Wnt4, Progesterone，estradiol | |||
| Zhang, 2015 [48] |
K-M mice | 100 mg/kg OA |
1.0～8.0 dpc (7 days) | Female mice were injected with PMSG and hCG | COH | + | + | Adhesion, p-GSK3β, GSK3β, β-catenin, FUT4, SP5, Wnt， | ||
| Qi， 2016 [46] |
2-cell stage embryos of KM mice | 4 μg/mL | Intervention for 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 168 h respectively | No modeling | IVF-ET | + | + | Blastocyst development rate, BCL-2, HSP70 and GJA1 | ||
| Wang, 2014 [49] |
Decidual cells in mice | 4 μg/mL OA |
48 h after drug intervention | LPS (0～1000 ng/Ml) | SAB | + | RR, Decidual damage scenario, TNFα, Progesterone | |||
| K-M mice | 0.25, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL ((0.1 mL/10 g) | 7.0～8.0 dpc (2 days) | LPS (0.1 mL/10 g) | + | ||||||
| Liu, 2013 [50] |
Human chorionic trophoblast cells | 0.05 g/mL (Dilute the stock solution to 1 million times) | 24 h after drug intervention | No modeling | SAB | + | Cell Viability，TNF | |||
| Zhang, 2010 [51] |
K-M mice, EEC |
40, 400, and 800 μg/mL OA |
0.5～3.5 dpc (2 days) | LPS (0.1–0.6 μg) | SAB | + | IR, Th1, Th2, IFN-γ, IL-10 and NOS activity. | |||
| Ma, 2009 [52] |
K-M mice | 10, 20, 50 mg/kg OA |
1.0～7.0 dpc (7 days) | Bromocriptine (0.075 mg) | SAB | + | RR, IFN-γ, IL-10, Th1/Th2 and Progesterone | |||
| Qin, 2007 [53] |
Human decidual cells | Not applicable | 24 h after drug intervention | TNF- α (0.5, 2.0, 10.0, 50.0 μg/L) | SAB | + | Decidual apoptosis | |||
| Jiang, 2007 [54] |
BALB／c mice | 2.5 mg／mL，0.4 mL/d | 4.0～7.0 dpc (4 days) | Ru486 (90μg/0.6 mL) I.h | SAB | + | RR, IR, CD80＋ 、CD86＋ | |||
| Che, 2006 [55] |
BALB／c mice | 2.5 mg／mL，0.4 mL/d | 4.0～7.0 dpc (4 days) | ①Ru486 (90μg/0.6 mL) I.h; ②LPS (0.1 μg) I.h |
SAB | + | RR, IR, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10,IFNγ | |||
Notes：①Regulation of cell proliferation and invasion. ②Regulation of Programmed Cell Death (PCD). ③Regulation of inflammation and immune homeostasis. ④Regulation of angiogenesis and vascular remodeling.∗ Heat stress causes oxidative damage and induces excessive cell apoptosis and thus affects the development and/or even causes the death of preimplantation embryos. Abbreviation: COH, Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. AKT, protein kinase B. AP1, activator protein 1. BA, Baicalin. BE, Baicalein. BCL2, B-cell lymphoma 2. BMP15, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15. CASP3, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase(caspase) 3. CDK1, cyclin-dependent kinases 1. CDH1, E-Cadherin. DPC, days of pregnancy. DKK1, Dickkopf-1. EEC, Endometrial epithelial cells. FUT4, Fucosyltransferase 4. GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus. GDF9, Growth Differentiation Factor 9. GJA1, Gap junction alpha-1. GSK-3β, Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta. HDCP, hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy. HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells. HSP70, heatshockprotein-70. IFN-γ, Interferon-γ. IL2, Interleukins-2. IR, implantation rate. I.P, intraperitoneal injection. IVF-ET, In vitro fertilization embryo transfer. K-M mice, Kun Ming mice. LPS, Lipopolysaccharide. LRP6, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Related Protein 6. MMP-2, Matrix metalloproteinase-2. NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa-B. NOS, Nitric Oxide Synthase. OA, oral administration. RR, Resorption rate. RSA, Recurrent spontaneous abortion. ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species. PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol3-kinase. PTX3, Pentraxin 3. PE, Preeclampsia. SAB, spontaneous abortion. TNFα, Tumor necrosis factor alpha. TNFAIP6, Tumor necrosis factor α Inducible Protein 6. TGF-β, Transforming growth factor-β. TFAM, Transcription Factor A. Mitochondrial. XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein.