Table 1.

Comparison of SSE practices in Dubai. Ireland, New Zealand and Pakistan.

Country	Role of SSE in QA	Introduction of SSE	Focus of SSE	Documents Guiding SSE	SSE and School Improvement Cycle	Other SSE supports
Dubai	Functions complementarily with External Evaluation processes	Implemented gradually	SSE Form replicates School Inspection Framework	School Inspection Framework	One year	Supplementary resources on the KHDA website
Ireland	Complementary to External Evaluation	Implemented gradually	Emphasis on Numeracy, Literacy, Digital Wellbeing, and other school-identified areas of significance	Looking at our School and circulars issued by the Department of Education prescribing SSE procedures	Three to four years	Advisory visits by school inspectors
New Zealand	Constitutes a central component of the Quality Assurance system	Implemented gradually	Focus areas determined by the school according to contextual needs	School Evaluation Indicators	Three years	Evaluation partner's onsite capacity-building visits
Pakistan	Not a part of QA framework though mentioned in school leaders JD	Yet to be introduced as a QA practice	Student achievement and quality of teaching and learning (as in school leaders' JD)	Randomly referred to in different documents in different provinces	Not mentioned anywhere	Supervisory staff support visit