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. 2024 Oct 10;10(20):e39210. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39210

Table 1.

Description of the different production systems of Goharkuh Agro-industrial complex in Taftan county, Iran.

Wheat Barley Alfalfa Cotton Pistachio
Growth period (days) 208 197 247 190 225
Planting area (ha) 130 10 40 50 800
Common cultivar(s) Sivand Kavir Bami Varamin Seedling base: Badami sapling of grafting: Ouhadi- Ahmad aghayi
Seed rate (kg ha−1) 230–260 160–190 55–75 25–40 250–280
Soil texture Sandy loam Sandy loam Sandy loam Sandy loam Sandy loam
Fertilizer
 Nitrogen (kg ha−1) N as urea (300) N as urea (250) N as urea (50, Starter) N as urea (350) N as urea (100)
Ammonium sulfate (250)
 Phosphorous (kg ha−1) P as Triple superphosphate (150) P as Triple superphosphate (150) P as Triple superphosphate (150) P as Triple superphosphate (150) P as Diammonium phosphate (100)
 Potassium (kg ha−1) K as Potassium sulfate (100) K as Potassium sulfate (100) K as Potassium sulfate (100) K as Potassium sulfate (100) K as Potassium sulfate (50)
Herbicide, Insecticide, Fungicide, Tebuconazole fungicide, Granstar herbicide Tebuconazole fungicide, Granstar herbicide, Pirimor insecticide Diazinon insecticide Confidor insecticide, Avaunt insecticide Pirimor insecticide
Seedbed preparation operations Moldboard plow, Disc plow, Leveler Moldboard plow, Disc plow, Leveler Moldboard plow, Disc plow, Leveler Moldboard plow, Disc plow, Leveler Moldboard plow, Disc plow, Furrower
Harvesting equipment Combine harvester- John Deere 1055i Combine harvester- John Deere 1055i Mower-Conditioner Manual harvesting Manual harvesting
Irrigation water source Ground water Ground water Ground water Ground water Ground water
Ecological yield (kg ha−1) 3200 4000 7000 2700 1200