Table 1. Clinical characteristics.
| Variables | Overall (n= 831) |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 69±11 |
| Women, n (%) | 172 (20.7) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.8±3.8 |
| History of diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 431 (51.9) |
| History of dyslipidemia, n (%) | 720 (86.6) |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 679 (81.7) |
| History of COPD, n (%) | 51 (6.1) |
| Uses of antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 565 (68.0) |
| CCB, n (%) | 247 (29.7) |
| ACEi, n (%) | 221 (26.6) |
| ARB, n (%) | 226 (27.2) |
| Thiazides, n (%) | 26 (3.1) |
| Alpha-blockers, n (%) | 15 (1.8) |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 371 (44.6) |
| MRB, n (%) | 74 (8.9) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 60.5±20.8 |
| LDL-C, mg/dl | 107±38 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 47±12 |
| TG, mg/dl | 124 (87 to 186) |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 6.1 (5.7 to 7.0) |
| Uric acid, mg/dl | 5.9±1.5 |
| hsCRP, mg/dl | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.6) |
| Uses of lipid-lowering drugs, n (%) | 620 (74.6) |
| Statins, n (%) | 616 (74.1) |
| Fibrates, n (%) | 11 (1.3) |
| Ezetimibe, n (%) | 65 (7.8) |
| PCSK9 inhibitor, n (%) | 1 (0.1) |
| Uses of antidiabetic drugs | 209 (25.2) |
| Insulin, n (%) | 61 (7.3) |
| SGLT2 inhibitors, n (%) | 55 (6.6) |
| Biguanides, n (%) | 21 (2.5) |
Data are expressed as the mean±SD for unskewed variables, median (interquartile) for skewed variables, and numbers (%) for categorical variables. ACEi = angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, ARB = angiotensin receptor blockers, BMI = body mass index, CCB = calcium channel blockers, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hsCRP = high-sensitive C-reactive protein, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MRB = mineralocorticoid receptor blockers, PCSK9 = proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9; SD = standard deviation, SGLT2 = sodium-glucose co-transporter 2, TG = triglyceride.