Table 2. Hazard ratios by SPP and ABI tertiles in all patients.

Outcomes		Tertile	Overall patients (N = 258)
			SPP			ABI
			HRs	95% CI	p value	HRs	95% CI	p value
Composite event	Non-adjusted	T1	3.05	(1.90, 4.89)	＜0.001	1.99	(1.28, 3.11)	0.002
		T2	1.46	(0.88, 2.43)	0.141	1.14	(0.70, 1.85)	0.595
		T3	ref.			ref.
	Adjusted	T1	2.58	(1.57, 4.23)	＜0.001	1.70	(1.06, 2.73)	0.028
		T2	1.50	(0.89, 2.53)	0.129	1.36	(0.82, 2.25)	0.240
		T3	ref.			ref.
All-cause mortality	Non-adjusted	T1	2.70	(1.45, 5.00)	0.002	1.40	(0.82, 2.41)	0.218
		T2	1.62	(0.84, 3.14)	0.149	0.74	(0.40, 1.36)	0.326
		T3	ref.			ref.
	Adjusted	T1	1.79	(0.93, 3.45)	0.084	1.07	(0.59, 1.93)	0.822
		T2	1.52	(0.77, 3.03)	0.230	0.74	(0.39, 1.42)	0.364
		T3	ref.			ref.
Atherosclerotic vascular events	Non-adjusted	T1	3.00	(1.63, 5.51)	＜0.001	2.59	(1.39, 4.81)	0.003
		T2	1.45	(0.76, 2.78)	0.262	1.5	(0.78, 2.91)	0.226
		T3	ref.			ref.
	Adjusted	T1	2.82	(1.49, 5.33)	0.001	2.38	(1.24, 4.56)	0.009
		T2	1.44	(0.74, 2.83)	0.287	1.79	(0.90, 3.58)	0.097
		T3	ref.			ref.

Cox proportional hazard models were adjusted for eight covariates: sex, age, systolic blood pressure, prior history of AVE and diabetes, albumin, C-reactive protein, and hemoglobin levels. The HRs are presented in the 3rd tertile as a reference. The effect sizes for SPP are larger than those for ABI.

SPP, skin perfusion pressure; ABI, ankle-brachial index; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; T1, 1st tertile; T2, 2nd tertile; T3, 3rd tertile; ref, reference; BP, blood pressure; AVE, atherosclerotic vascular event.