Table 2.
Characteristics and epidemiological features of patients with colonization or infection due to carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae or E. coli. Data are number (percentage) of patients except where specified
| All patients (n = 386) | Colonization (n = 90) | Infection (n = 296) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age in years (IQR) | 74 (64–85) | 77 (62–86) | 74 (64–84) | 0.39 |
| Female sex | 181 (46.9) | 46 (51.1) | 135 (45.6) | 0.36 |
| Underlying conditions | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 128 (33.2) | 28 (31.1) | 100 (33.8) | 0.63 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 66 (17.1) | 15 (16.7) | 51 (17.2) | 0.90 |
| Chronic heart insufficiency | 96 (24.9) | 27 (30.0) | 69 (23.3) | 0.19 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 80 (20.7) | 21 (23.2) | 59 (19.9) | 0.48 |
| Chronic liver disease | 27 (7.0) | 5 (5.6) | 22 (7.4) | 0.54 |
| Dementia | 58 (15.0) | 17 (18.9) | 41 (13.9) | 0.24 |
| Hemiplegia | 23 (6.0) | 11 (12.2) | 12 (4.1) | 0.004 |
| Solid cancer | 97 (25.1) | 18 (20.0) | 79 (26.7) | 0.20 |
| Hematologic cancer | 17 (4.4) | 1 (1.1) | 16 (5.4) | 0.13 |
| Immunosuppression | 49 (12.7) | 18 (20.0) | 31 (10.5) | 0.01 |
| Charlson index, median (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 0.64 |
| Acquisition | 0.02 | |||
| Community | 31 (8.0) | 8 (8.9) | 23 (7.8) | |
| Healthcare-associated | 183 (47.4) | 53 (58.9) | 130 (48.3) | |
| Nosocomial | 172 (48.3) | 29 (32.2) | 143 (48.3) | |
| Type of healthcare contact (healthcare-associated cases) | ||||
| Hemodialysis | 6 (3.3) | 2 (3.8) | 4 (3.1) | > 0.99 |
| Ambulatory IV therapy | 14 (7.7) | 3 (5.7) | 11 (8.5) | 0.76 |
| > 3 visits to specialized clinic | 46 (25.1) | 11 (20.8) | 35 (26.9) | 0.75 |
| Previous admission | 100 (54.6) | 28 (52.8) | 72 (55.4) | 0.75 |
| Nursing home resident | 71 (38.8) | 29 (54.7) | 42 (32.3) | 0.005 |
| Ward of admission (nosocomial cases) | 0.17 | |||
| Medical ward | 85 (49.1) | 19 (63.3) | 66 (46.2) | |
| Surgical ward | 43 (24.9) | 4 (13.3) | 39 (27.3) | |
| Intensive care | 45 (26.0) | 7 (23.3) | 38 (26.6) | |
| Median days of previous hospitalization (IQR), nosocomial cases | 21 (11–39) | 24 (10–31) | 21 (11–40) | 0.91 |
| Travel abroad last yeara | 8 (2.1) | 2 (2.2) | 6 (2.0) | > 0.99 |
| Invasive proceduresb | ||||
| Bladder catheter | 159 (41.2) | 36 (40.0) | 123 (41.6) | 0.79 |
| Vascular catheter | 137 (35.5) | 84 (26.7) | 113 (38.2) | 0.04 |
| Surgery (previous month) | 82 (21.2) | 19 (21.1) | 63 (21.3) | 0.97 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 48 (12.4) | 12 (13.3) | 36 (12.2) | 0.76 |
| Endoscopic procedure | 28 (7.3) | 6 (6.7) | 22 (7.4) | 0.80 |
| Antibiotics received (last month) | ||||
| Any | 299 (77.5) | 67 (74.4) | 232 (78.4) | 0.43 |
| Cephalosporins | 94 (24.4) | 25 (27.8) | 69 (23.3) | 0.38 |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 50 (13.0) | 6 (6.7) | 44 (14.9) | 0.04 |
| Carbapenems | 88 (22.8) | 15 (16.7) | 73 (24.7) | 0.11 |
| Fluoroquinolones | 88 (22.8) | 17 (18.9) | 71 (24.0) | 0.31 |
| Mortality | 91 (23.6) | 8 (8.9) | 83 (28.0) | < 0.001 |
aTravel to countries in: South America, three patients; Africa, two patients; Asia, two patients; Easter Europe, one patient
bIn the previous week except where specified
IV: intravenous