Effect of higher beef intake on HDL-cholesterol. Values are standardized mean differences (SMDs) of HDL-cholesterol between the beef diet and diets with less or no beef. Effect sizes for correlated comparisons within study were pooled prior to running the model. Pooled effect P = 0.99. BOLD, Beef in an Optimal Lean Diet; CHO, carbohydrate; CWL, controlled weight loss; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; FWL, free living weight loss; LFD, low-fat diet; WL, weight loss; WM, weight maintenance.