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. 2024 Dec 5;15:10620. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54626-y

Fig. 3. Panoramic view of the converter-based IEEE 9-bus microgrid platform, featuring five distributed generation units, alongside the OPAL-RT-based Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) platform for the multi-area interconnected power system.

Fig. 3

a Line impedance of the 9-bus and five local loads. b Raspberry Pi-based blockchain implementation. c Photovoltaic (PV) panels. d Energy storage units. e Photovoltaic simulator. f Raspberry Pi-based ASDM and actuators. g DC converters. h DC sources. i Real-time digital simulator. j Upper computer.