Fig. 6.

PDZ domain-containing 8 (PDZD8) regulates insulin 1 (INS-1) cell death due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria Ca²⁺ transfer and cyclophilin D (Cypd)-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. (A, B) The subcellular localization of intracellular Ca²⁺ was detected using fluorescence probes. (C) The Cypd expression in INS-1 cells was detected by Western blotting. (D) The apoptosis of INS-1 cells was detected using the flow cytometry. ATP, adenosine triphosphate; CPA, cyclopiazonic acid; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. ^aP<0.05 vs. control (Con) group, ^bP<0.05 vs. palmitic acid (PA)+shRNA negative control (shNC) group, ^cP<0.05 vs. PA+siRNA PDZ domain-containing 8 (siPDZD8)+pcDNA3.1 group.