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. 2024 Dec 19;14(12):1886–1891. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i12.1886

Table 2.

Comparison of coping methods between the two groups (mean ± SD, score)

Group	n	Face		Avoid		Surrender
Group	n	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Control	43	12.69 ± 2.25	16.74 ± 2.39^a	15.42 ± 2.31	11.59 ± 2.24^a	10.09 ± 2.27	7.93 ± 2.14^a
Observation	43	12.58 ± 2.17	18.12 ± 2.46^a	15.53 ± 2.47	10.35 ± 2.16^a	10.18 ± 2.30	6.72 ± 2.05^a
t value		0.231	2.638	0.213	2.613	0.183	2.677
P value		0.818	0.010	0.832	0.011	0.856	0.009

^a

P < 0.05 compared with the same group before the intervention.